Abstract. In the present study we investigated the antiproliferative activity of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin on the murine B16 and human A375 melanoma cell lines. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) was estimated for each cell line by preliminary assay of tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT). With Trypan blue exclusion test we detected a cytostatic but not cytotoxic effect of the treatment in melanoma cells: 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin significantly reduced cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner, blocking the cell cycle in the G 0 /G 1 phase both in B16 and A375 cells. Melanoma growth reduction was coupled to a differentiation process detected by monitoring some specific markers: i) morphological changes with development of dendrite-like projections from the cell surface; ii) melanin synthesis; and iii) PpIX accumulation. Induction of the differentiation process was more significant in murine melanoma cells, where the treatment irreversibly reduced cell growth. Consistent with G 0 /G 1 arrest and melanogenesis in B16 cells, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin strongly decreased activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, which is upregulated in many types of cancer. These findings suggest that 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin should be further investigated through studies both in vitro, to identify the binding partners for this compound, and in preclinical animal models.