Apoptosis and cutaneous biology

Raskin, Curtis A.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80266-6

Cited by 63 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…MDM2 overexpression in the skin increases the number of apoptotic cells, perhaps as an indirect consequence of faulty dierentiation. MDM2 usually inhibits apoptosis (Kondo et al, 1995;Chen et al, 1996;Haupt et al, 1996), and skin pathologies are usually associated with increased apoptosis (Raskin, 1997). The increase in apoptosis is not sucient to compensate for increased proliferation, since the skin is thicker.…”

Section: Mdm2 and Dierentiation Of The Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following transition layer organelles and nucleic acids are destroyed and the ®nal keratin intermediate ®lament network and the corni®ed envelope are assembled. This speci®c type of programmed cell death has been distinguished from apoptosis, which is rather associated with pathological situations (Raskin, 1997). The ®nal corni®ed layer contains corneocytes with a stabilized array of keratin ®laments within a covalently cross-linked protein envelope that form a continuous impermeable protective surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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MDM2 overexpression generates a skin phenotype in both wild type and p53 null mice

et al. 1999

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The MDM2 proto-oncogene is overexpressed in human tumours and regulates the activities of the tumour suppressors p53 and pRB. We created mice that overexpress MDM2 under the control of the CMV promoter. These mice did not display an increased tumour incidence, but rather a speci®c skin phenotype, characterized by desquamation and hyperkeratosis. Transgenic MDM2 was found to be overexpressed in the epidermis, a tissue that normally expresses high levels of MDM2. The phenotype appeared during the ®rst week after birth and then lessened with age, closely following the level of expression of the transgene. MDM2 overexpression was associated with an increase in proliferation in the basal layer, thickening of the epidermis, altered expression of the dierentiation markers cytokeratin CK14, CK10 and CK1, and a decrease in the size and the number of granules that contain products of dierentiation. Transgenic mice on a p53 null background displayed similar although not identical changes, showing that the eects of MDM2 are to a certain degree p53 independent. The skin is a major site of MDM2 expression in mice, raising the possibility that MDM2 overexpression perturbs the normal pattern of MDM2 expression and inhibits dierentiation of the epidermis.

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Section: Mdm2 and Dierentiation Of The Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

MDM2 overexpression generates a skin phenotype in both wild type and p53 null mice

et al. 1999

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“…Disruption of DNA leads to increase in intracellular free radicals and dysfunction of Na-K pump and cellular permeability. The overall effect of these changes in response to radiation is induction of apoptosis process along with increased ions [34][35][36]. Accordingly, we recorded increased Na, K, and Ca concentrations in cellular fluid without significant cytotoxicity in response to low-dose radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Once the Light Touch to the Brain: Cytotoxic Effects of Low-Dose Gamma-Ray, Laser Light, and Visible Light on Rat Neuronal Cell Culture

et al. 2016

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray, laser light, and visible light, which neurons are commonly exposed to during treatment of various cranial diseases, on the viability of neurons. Materials and Methods:Neuronal cell culture was prepared from the frontal cortex of 9 newborn rats. Cultured cells were irradiated with gamma-ray for 1-10 min by 152 Eu, 241 Am, and 132 Ba isotopes, visible light for 1-160 min, and laser light for 0.2-2 seconds. The MTT tetrazolium reduction assay was used to assess the number of viable cells in the neuronal cell cultures. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca levels in cellular fluid obtained from neuronal cell culture plaques. Ba isotopes, cell viability insignificantly decreased with time (p>0.05). On the other hand, exposure to visible light produced statistically significant decrease in cell viability at both short-(1-10 min) and long-term (20-160 min). Cell viability did not change with 2 seconds of laser exposure. Na, K, and Ca levels significantly decreased with gamma-ray and visible light. The level of oxidative stress markers significantly changed with gamma-ray. Results Conclusion:In conclusion, while low dose gamma-ray has slight to moderate apoptotic effect in neuronal cell cultures by oxidative stress, long-term visible light induces remarkable apoptosis and cell death. Laser light has no significant effect on neurons. Further genetic studies are needed to clarify the chronic effect of visible light on neuronal development and functions.Keywords: Neuron, cytotoxicity, cell culture, apoptosis, laser light, radiation Öz Amaç: Amacımız, çeşitli kranial hastalıkların tedavisi esnasında nöronların sıklıkla maruz kaldığı gama ışını, laser ışığı ve görünür ışığın etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Ba izotoplar ile düşük dozda radyasyon altında, istatiksel olarak anlamsız bir, zamanla azaldı. Öte yandan, görünür ışığa maruziyet hücre canlılığında hem kısa süreli (1-10 dk) hem de uzun süreli (20-160 dk) maruziyette anlamlı derecede düşüşe sebep olur. Hücre canlılığı lazere 2 saniye maruz kalma ile değişmedi. Na, K ve Ca seviyeleri gama ışını ve görünür ışık maruziyeti ile önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Oksidatif stres belirteçleri seviyesi gama-ışını ile önemli ölçüde değişti. Gereç veSonuç: Düşük doz gama ışını oksidatif strese bağlı nöronal hücre kültürlerindeki apoptotik etkisi hafif ve orta düzeydeyken, uzun sü-reli görünür ışık dikkate değer bir apoptoz ve hücre ölümüne neden oldu. Lazer ışığı nöronlar üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip değildir. Görünür ışığın nöron gelişimi ve işlevleri üzerinde kronik etkisini açıklamak için ileri genetik çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

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“…The biochemical changes observed during apoptosis involve a decrease in mitochondrial potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, an increase in intracellular concentration of calcium ions, formation of free radicals, activation of caspases, loss of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the cell membrane and enzymatic degradation of DNA. Due to gradual suppression of metabolic activity and increased permeability of the cell membrane, the cell, whose nucleus shows apoptotic changes, dies within several hours (43). Normal apoptosis neither impairs the tissue structure and function nor generates the immune response (44).…”

Section: Apoptosis -Genetically Programmed Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%