Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis

Su, Zhenyi; Yang, Zuozhang; Xu, Yongqing; Chen, Yongbin; Yu, Qiang

doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0321-5

Cited by 824 publications

(633 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Apoptosis is an active process that results in DNA damage, followed by cell death in the absence of inflammation (23,24). Therefore, medicines and compounds that have the capability to promote apoptosis are valuable candidates for cancer therapy (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis-inducing Effect of the Hexane Extracts from Three Native Iranian Euphorbia Plants

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis-inducing Effect of the Hexane Extracts from Three Native Iranian Euphorbia Plants

et al. 2017

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“…Autophagy provides cell ability to adaptation and it protects the cell from apoptosis. In this way, autophagy shows the action promoting tumor metastasis [78]. From the studies on ovarian cancer xenografts, it is found that ARH1 overexpression promotes cell dormancy, which is correlated with higher level of autophagosome formation [54].…”

Section: Tumor Resistance To Anti-angiogenic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Blood Vessels and Vasculogenic Mimicry – Current Knowledge and Searching for New Cellular/Molecular Targets of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy

Knopik-Skrocka

Kręplewska

Jarmołowska-Jurczyszyn

2017

Advances in Cell Biology

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Summary: Blood vessel formation in tumor is defined as tumor angiogenesis. So far, the most known its mechanism is sprouting, which means formation of blood vessels from existing ones, as a result of the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. The main mitogenic factor of these cells is vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, acting by VEGFR-2 receptors. Recent studies have provided knowledge about the ability of tumors to form vessel-like structures. The phenomenon was called vascular mimicry. Tumor cells show a high plasticity and they can undergo differentiation to the ones with phenotype similar to endothelial cells. Each of the known tumor angiogenesis mechanisms is a result of many different factors and cell cooperation in tumor microenvironment. Tumor ability to the heterogeneous vascularization forces developing of complex, anti-angiogenic therapy directed to different molecular and cellular targets. Therapies, used so far, often lead to drug-induced hypoxia, which increases tumor cell aggressiveness and metastasis.Keywords: tumor angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, anti-angiogenic strategies, resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy Sprouting angiogenesis -formation via endothelial cells proliferation and migration towards avascular tumor area of new branches of blood vessels Intussusception -formation of blood vessels as a result of intussusception (septum) inside existing blood vessels Co-option -oxygen and nutrients acquire as a result of tumor cells migration along existing blood vessels Vasculogenic mimicry -formation by tumor cells of vessel-like structures, without endothelial cells participation Vasculogenesis -formation of tumor blood vessels de novo, as a result of endothelial progenitor cells recruitment

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“…However, defect in apoptosis can cause cancer and the suppression of apoptosis during carcinogenesis may play a crucial role in the development of some cancer types (2). Apoptosis is characterized by different morphological changes, such as cell membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation and chromosomal DNA fragmentation (3,4). In order to promote phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, apoptotic cells present specific membrane morphologies to activate this process.…”

Section: Targets Of Mdr Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Important Compounds Isolated from Natural Sources that Have Activity Against Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cell Lines: Effects on Proliferation, Apoptotic Mechanism and the Efflux Pump Responsible for Multi-resistance Phenotype

Amaral

Spengler

Molnár

2016

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Abstract. The focus of this mini-review is to identify non-toxic compounds isolated from natural sources (plants) that exhibit specific activity against efflux pumps of specific multidrugresistant (MDR) cancer cell lines, inhibit proliferation of the MDR cancer cell lines and inhibit the activity of overexpressed efflux pumps of the MDR cancer cell line.Therapy of cancer, if not completely effective, results in the overexpression of genes that code for efflux pumps that extrude the noxious agent (anticancer drug) before it reaches its intended target of the cancer cell (1). The overexpressed efflux pump renders the cancer cell immune to not only the initial drug used in therapy but to a wide range of unrelated noxious compounds (1). The arising of this multidrugresistant (MDR) phenotype makes therapy highly problematic and the end result is that the patient succumbs to the disease (1). Therefore, it is the consensus of many that therapy of MDR cancer may succeed if the responsible efflux pump is inhibited from its activity, therefore, affording the increased concentration of anticancer drug to a level consistent with its toxic targeted action needed to kill the cancer cell. To this extent, over 100,000 synthetic compounds for activity against the known efflux pumps of cancer cell types have been screened by the National Cancer Institute (USA) and, to date, not a single inhibitor has found its way toward successful therapy of MDR cancer. In fact, because normal counter type cells have a fully functional efflux pump, albeit at a much lower level of activity, clinical trials with selected efflux pump inhibitors have produced high toxicity and even death.During the past two decades, traditional medicine has become a source for the identification of plants that harbor compounds that may have important potential for the therapy of cancer. With respect to the laboratory of one of the authors of this mini-review (JM), literally, hundreds of plants have been studied for their activity against specific targets of the cancer cell and it is the focus of this mini-review to identify selected compounds that have no toxicity at the level of their in vitro study and which have activity against proliferation or induction of the apoptotic mechanism or the efflux pump responsible for the phenotype of the MDR cancer cell. Targets of MDR Cancer CellsProliferation. Proliferation is affected by many drugs and, although the search for non-toxic compounds that inhibit proliferation was initiated more than 60 years ago, remains the focus of most studies; however, the inhibition of proliferation by compounds isolated from natural sources will not be discussed here at the level of its mechanism. Rather, suffice to say that our observations for antiproliferative activity as presented in the text remain, for the 5665

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Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis

Cited by 824 publications

References 157 publications

Apoptosis-inducing Effect of the Hexane Extracts from Three Native Iranian Euphorbia Plants

Apoptosis-inducing Effect of the Hexane Extracts from Three Native Iranian Euphorbia Plants

Tumor Blood Vessels and Vasculogenic Mimicry – Current Knowledge and Searching for New Cellular/Molecular Targets of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy

Identification of Important Compounds Isolated from Natural Sources that Have Activity Against Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cell Lines: Effects on Proliferation, Apoptotic Mechanism and the Efflux Pump Responsible for Multi-resistance Phenotype

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