Apoptosis in Cord Blood T Lymphocytes from Infants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers

Economides, Athena; Schmid, Ingrid; Anisman-Posner, Deborah; Plaeger, Susan; Bryson, Yvonne J.; Uíttenbogaart, Christel H.

doi:10.1128/cdli.5.2.230-234.1998

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Exposure to heightened levels of maternal immune activation could predispose infant lymphocytes to apoptosis and potentially drive immune senescence in the infant immune system. Both spontaneous apoptosis and activation‐induced apoptosis (following anti‐CD3 stimulation) were increased significantly in the CBMCs of HEU infants . These findings suggest that uncontrolled HIV replication is associated with a significantly activated, proinflammatory intrauterine immune environment, in contrast to the state of immunological tolerance normally present during pregnancy.…”

Section: Immunological Findings In Heu Infantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?

Afran

Garcia-Knight

Nduati

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

192

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SummaryThrough the successful implementation of policies to prevent mother-tochild-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV-1 infection, children born to HIV-1-infected mothers are now much less likely to acquire HIV-1 infection than previously. Nevertheless, HIV-1-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have substantially increased morbidity and mortality compared with children born to uninfected mothers (unexposed uninfected, UU), predominantly from infectious causes. Moreover, a range of phenotypical and functional immunological differences between HEU and UU children has been reported. As the number of HEU children continues to increase worldwide, two questions with clear public health importance need to be addressed: first, does exposure to HIV-1 and/or ART in utero or during infancy have direct immunological consequences, or are these poor outcomes simply attributable to the obvious disadvantages of being born into an HIV-affected household? Secondly, can we expect improved maternal care and ART regimens during and after pregnancy, together with optimized infant immunization schedules, to reduce the excess morbidity and mortality of HEU children?

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Section: Immunological Findings In Heu Infantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?

Afran

Garcia-Knight

Nduati

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite their escape from HIV infection, there is an increasing body of evidence that these children suffer immunologic harm both with and without exposure to ARVs (252,253) and independent of the effects of breast milk. In resource-poor countries, HEU children have significantly increased morbidity and mortality, and in resource-rich countries, these children appear to have immunologic derangements (254)(255)(256)(257)(258)(259)(260)(261)(262)(263)(264)(265)(266)(267)(268). It should be noted that maternal infections with pathogens other than HIV have been associated with immune perturbations in the offspring, even in the absence of transmission (252).…”

Section: Uninfected But Not Unaffected: Hiv-exposed Uninfected Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of pediatric HIV infection

Tobin

Aldrovandi

2013

Immunological Reviews

104

116

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Summary Most infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women escape HIV infection. Infants evade infection despite an immature immune system and, in the case of breastfeeding, prolonged repetitive, exposure. If infants become infected, the course of their infection and response to treatment differs dramatically depending upon the timing (in utero, intrapartum, or during breastfeeding) and potentially the route of their infection. Perinatally acquired HIV infection occurs during a critical window of immune development. HIV’s perturbation of this dynamic process may account for the striking age-dependent differences in HIV disease progression. HIV infection also profoundly disrupts the maternal immune system upon which infants rely for protection and immune instruction. Therefore, it is not surprising that infants who escape HIV infection still suffer adverse effects. In this review, we highlight the unique aspects of pediatric HIV transmission and pathogenesis with a focus on mechanisms by which HIV infection during immune ontogeny may allow discovery of key elements for protection and control from HIV.

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“…Cell population percentages may also be altered because HIV exposure leads to increased immune system activation (Schramm et al. 2006) and subsequent T‐cell apoptosis (Economides et al. 1998).…”

Section: Potential Causes Of Poor Health and Nutrition Among Hiv‐eu Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV‐exposed, uninfected African child

Filteau

2009

Tropical Med Int Health

211

184

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Summary The increasing success of prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission programmes means that in Africa, very large numbers of HIV‐exposed, uninfected (HIV‐EU) children are being born. Any health problems that these children may have will thus be of enormous public health importance, but to date have been largely neglected. There is some evidence that HIV‐EU African children are at increased risk of mortality, morbidity and slower early growth than their HIV‐unexposed counterparts. A likely major cause of this impaired health is less exposure to breast milk as mothers are either less able to breastfeed or stop breastfeeding early to protect their infant from HIV infection. Other contributing factors are parental illness or death resulting in reduced care of the children, increased exposure to other infections and possibly exposure to antiretroviral drugs. A broad approach for psychosocial support of HIV‐affected families is needed to improve health of HIV‐EU children. High quality programmatic research is needed to determine how to deliver such care.

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Apoptosis in Cord Blood T Lymphocytes from Infants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?

HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?

Immunology of pediatric HIV infection

The HIV‐exposed, uninfected African child

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