Apoptosis of HeLa Cells via Caspase-3 Expression Induced by Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract: In vitro Study

Abstract

Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells. Objectives: Thus, this study aim to investigate Annona squamosa leaf extract induced by chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) to enhance their biological activity as anticancer agent on HeLa cells. Methods: Nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, 400 µg/mL in DMSO) given on HeLa cells to determined IC 50 value by MTT assay. Then, it was devided into three groups as follow IC 50 , 2IC 50 , 4IC 50 continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression. Results: The present study demonstrated that nano-ASLE can surpress HeLa cells proliferation with the IC 50 value of 344.48 µg/mL and rapid enhancement of caspase-3 activity has the mean score of 65.3 cell expression and the lowest score shows 45.3 cell expression. Conclusion: Nano-ASLE lead to HeLa cell death via the mitochondrial pathway on caspase-3 expression. In addition, the further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress HeLa cells.

RETRACTED: Chitosan-Based Microparticles Enhance Ellagic Acid’s Colon Targeting and Proapoptotic Activity

“…The observed cytotoxicity of EA is consistent with previous reports indicating that its activity against HCT 116 cells is associated with Bax translocation to the mitochondria and reduction of PCNA expression [16]. In addition, CHIT's in vivo and in vitro activity against cancer cells has been investigated [16,50]. CHIT was shown to inhibit proliferation of human colorectal cells via inhibiting ornithine decarboxylases and, consequently, synthesis of polyamines required for DNA stabilization and cell replication.…”

“…Basically, EA has shown potent antiproliferative activities in different cancer cells lines, including colon cancer cells via enhancing caspases 9, 3, and 7 mRNA expression. Further, CHIT has been known to induce apoptosis via activation of caspase 3 in bladder [15], cervical [50], and colorectal [36] tumor cells. Also, the plain CHIT-ES100 coat significantly enhanced caspase 3 activity in colon cancer Caco-2 cells [15,53].…”

Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study

“…30 On the other hand, phytochemical screening of ASLE showed the availability of acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and many other compounds. 6,10,29,31 Therefore, Annona squamosa considered as the medicinal plant for many diseases, such as cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, mucous diarrhea, and many other diseases. 6,29 According to the ASLE, previous research revealed that the cytotoxic effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles of ASLE on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) had an IC 50 value with 344.48 μg/mL in concentration.…”

“…3 Consequently, medicinal plants are utilized by people for curing various diseases, including for viral related diseases. 3,5,6,7 Various medicinal plants were found as an antiviral compounds, 8 such as Amaryllidaceae, 9 Annonaceae, 10 Euphorbiaceae, 11 and many others.…”

“…Those compounds demonstrated the various therapeutic properties, such as an anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic activities. 6,10,12,13,14,15 However, there are no reports regarding Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) activity as an antiviral effect against DENV. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of ASLE against DENV-2 isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013.…”