Apoptosis regulates notochord development in Xenopus

Malikova, Marina; Stry, Melanie Van; Symes, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.08.047

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…At the end of the stage of neural plate, the number of apoptosis decreased comparatively to previous stages. In some embryos, apoptosis were also visualized in the notochord [30], and they became more and more numerous till the end of neurulation, with an anterio-posterior pattern of distribution. If apoptosis was inhibited in mesodermal explants of notochord, this one became twice longer than in control, but in some embryos, notochord lacked a recognizable structure, apoptotic cells were observed in the tail but somites were not affected.…”

Section: Description Of Apoptosis In Normal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in amphibian development

Exbrayat¹,

Moudilou²,

Abrouk³

et al. 2012

ABB

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Amphibians and more particularly X. laevis are models often used for studying apoptosis during embryonic development. Using several methods, searchers determined the localization of programmed cell deaths (PCD). Several experimental methods also have been used to understand the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis, throughout development, contributing to elucidate the general action of several genes and proteins. Apoptosis occurs very early, with a first program under control of maternal genes expressed before MBT, in order to eliminate damaged cells before gastrulation, and a second program at the onset of gastrulation. PCD is also observed during neurulation. Then, apoptotic cells are observed in amphibian organogenesis and metamorphosis. Results of these researches showed both importance of PCD for embryonic development, and the complexity of its regulation. Results obtained can be useful to understand others aspects of the importance of apoptosis, particularly pathological aspects.

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Section: Description Of Apoptosis In Normal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in amphibian development

Exbrayat¹,

Moudilou²,

Abrouk³

et al. 2012

ABB

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“…For instance, apoptosis is utilized to sculpt the tetrapod limb, including the septation of the digits [106,107], while embryonic cavities are formed by apoptosis of epiblast cells in the developing mouse embryo [108]. In addition, apoptosis plays an essential role in notochord development during the formation of the antero-posterior axis in Xenopus embryos [109].…”

Section: Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and apoptosis in planarians

González‐Estévez

Saló

2010

Apoptosis

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Adult planarians are capable of undergoing regeneration and body remodelling in order to adapt to physical damage or extreme environmental conditions. Moreover, most planarians can tolerate long periods of starvation and during this time, they shrink from an adult size to, and sometimes beyond, the initial size at hatching. Indeed, these properties have made them a classic model to study stem cells and regeneration. Under such stressful conditions, food reserves from the gastrodermis and parenchyma are first used up and later the testes, copulatory organs and ovaries are digested. More surprisingly, when food is again made available to shrunken individuals, they grow back to adult size and all their reproductive structures reappear. These cycles of growth and shrinkage may occur over long periods without any apparent impairment to the individual, or to its future maturation and breeding capacities. This plasticity resides in a mesoderm tissue known as the parenchyma, which is formed by several differentiated non-proliferating cell types and only one mitotically active cell type, the neoblasts, which represent approximately 20-30% of the cells in the parenchyma. Neoblasts are generally thought to be somatic stem-cells that participate in the normal continuous turnover of all cell types in planarians. Hence, planarians are organisms that continuously adapt their bodies (morphallaxis) to different environmental stresses (i.e.: injury or starvation). This adaptation involves a variety of processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, all of which are perfectly orchestrated and tightly regulated to remodel or restore the body pattern. While neoblast biology and body re-patterning are currently the subject of intense research, apoptosis and autophagy remain much less studied. In this review we will summarize our current understanding and hypotheses regarding where and when apoptosis and autophagy occur and fulfil an essential role in planarians.

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“…The apoptotic process is involved in normal notochord development in Xenopus laevis [11], and in particular the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is conserved and necessary for notochord development in zebrafish [12]. In addition, the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) FAS and its ligand FASL , leads to the notochord cells regression in the adult rat intervertebral disks [13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAS/FASL are dysregulated in chordoma and their loss-of-function impairs zebrafish notochord formation

et al. 2014

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Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor that recapitulates the notochord phenotype and is thought to derive from notochord remnants not correctly regressed during development. Apoptosis is necessary for the proper notochord development in vertebrates, and the apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas and Fasl has been demonstrated to be involved in notochord cells regression. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FAS/FASL pathway in a cohort of skull base chordomas and to analyze the role of fas/fasl homologs in zebrafish notochord formation. FAS/FASL expression was found to be dysregulated in chordoma leading to inactivation of the downstream Caspases in the samples analyzed. Both fas and fasl were specifically expressed in zebrafish notochord sorted cells. fas and fasl loss-of-function mainly resulted in larvae with notochord multi-cell-layer jumps organization, larger vacuolated notochord cells, defects in the peri-notochordal sheath structure and in vertebral mineralization. Interestingly, we observed the persistent expression of ntla and col2a1a, the zebrafish homologs of the human T gene and COL2A1 respectively, which are specifically up-regulated in chordoma. These results demonstrate for the first time the dysregulation of FAS/FASL in chordoma and their role in notochord formation in the zebrafish model, suggesting their possible implication in chordoma onset.

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Apoptosis regulates notochord development in Xenopus

Cited by 15 publications

References 82 publications

Apoptosis in amphibian development

Apoptosis in amphibian development

Autophagy and apoptosis in planarians

FAS/FASL are dysregulated in chordoma and their loss-of-function impairs zebrafish notochord formation

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