Apparatus for Continuous Electrochromatography

Abstract

Nitrogen Flow Rate, Cc./Min. at 1 Atm. and 30°C. 13 24 72coefficients of C7Fi6 and of C8Fi60. maybe determined (Table VIII).The activity coefficients both show a maximum at a nitrogen flow rate of 24 cc. per minute, where the retention volumes are minimum. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe assistance of John F. Walter in the experimental work is gratefully acknowledged. The author also thanks J. H. Simons for the perfluoropentane standard.

Chromatography

“…In spite of these engineering advances, many excellent separations are possible with simple, inexpensive, homemade equipment. There are innumerable examples with gas chromatography (92), paper chromatography (9, 52, 884), column chromatography (9, 401), electrochromatography (261, 863, 864), continuous electrochromatography (208,209,399), and multiple partition (83, 840). There are advantages in this use of economical materials and equipment: Exceptionally effective methods are available to workers with limited funds, the equipment is more easily modified to suit the experimental requirements, and there is less hesitation in making useful modifications.…”

“…Continuous electrochromatography may be performed with small, simple, and economical apparatus (899) or with larger, more complex equipment (208, 209). Dependent upon the background electrolytic solution, the apparatus may be operated with the electrodes on the paper (209,399) or with a cascade of solution over the electrodes (457) plus trickle feeding of the background solution (320). This technique has been applied to the separation of biochemical preparations (208.…”

Chromatography. Analysis by Differential Migration

“…The latter permits the separation of larger quantities of mixtures than the one-way differential electrical migration, but it must be adjusted, adapted, and controlled much more carefully. Flow of solution may be produced by gravity {142, 165) or by centrifugation {108).…”

“…Much effort has been devoted to the isolation of the products of the electrode reactions from the electrical migration system. This has been effected in part with electrode vessels partially isolated by ion permeable membranes (143,165). It is accomplished more conveniently by the use of weakly dissociated electrolytes which do not yield strongly acidic or basic zones (165).…”

“…This has been effected in part with electrode vessels partially isolated by ion permeable membranes (143,165). It is accomplished more conveniently by the use of weakly dissociated electrolytes which do not yield strongly acidic or basic zones (165). From a mechanistic viewpoint, the charged particles separated by this procedure are subject to electrical migration in the stabilizing medium and to transverse chromatographic displacement.…”