Apparent digestibility and protein quality evaluation of selected feed ingredients in Seriola dumerili

Abstract

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, and amino acids in fish, krill, squid, meat, defatted krill, soybean, wheat gluten, wheat, camilina, pea, sunflower, and fava bean meals were determined for juvenile Seriola dumerili. The results showed that the ADC of dry matter for yellowtail ranged from 57.7 to 87.2% for animal ingredients and from 42.2 to 82.2% for plant ingredients. An ADC of protein exceeding 90% was observed in fishmeal, while camilina meal and fava bean meal presented the lowest values. Pea meal presented the lowest lipid ADC (83.5%). The availabilities were generally higher in animal ingredients than those in vegetal ones. Except camilina and fava bean meal, the other ingredients appear to be favorable for S. dumerili diets, especially the ones from animal sources. Lower case chemical score values (minimum value from amino acid ratios [AARs]) were obtained in some vegetal ingredients (14–18%), while the highest ones were observed in marine ingredients (69–88%). According to Oser's Index, the most balanced protein for yellowtail with regard to essential amino acids was in krill, defatted krill, and fishmeal (92–96%). So, animal sources are suitable as protein ingredients, but they could be enhanced through some essential amino acid supplementation.

Protein evaluation in fish: African catfish as a case study

“…As expected, our results showed a consistent trend for a higher DM and CP digestibility among ingredients of animal origin and a lower DM and CP digestibility for several plant ingredients in African catfish. This result is in line with the observation reported for rainbow trout and yellowtails (both Seriola lalandi and Seriola dumerili) fed various feed ingredients (Dam et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2020;Tomas-Vidal et al, 2019). Generally, a low DM digestibility indicates the presence of a high quantity of indigestible substances or anti-nutritional factors in the feedstuffs (Dam et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2020;Li et al, 2013).…”

“…However, the rising demand for FM and consequently the depletion of wildlife resources has motivated researchers worldwide in a search for new alternative least-cost feedstuffs, that are both sustainable and can provide similar nutrients obtainable from FM for optimal fish growth and performance (Eyo, 2003). In light of this, plausible alternative ingredients are animal by-products and plant proteins (Che et al, 2017;Dam et al, 2019;Kitagima and Fracalossi, 2011;Lee et al, 2020;Solomon et al, 2017;Tomas-Vidal et al, 2019;Tran-Ngoc et al, 2019). Therefore, information on the nutrient profile and digestibility of these ingredients is essential to allow precise feed formulation.…”

“…Several alternative novel ingredients (animal and plant origin) of nutritional and economic benefits are now being investigated for the total or partial replacement of fishmeal in fish diet (Basto et al, 2020;Che et al, 2017;Davies and Ezenwa, 2010;dos Santos Cardoso et al, 2020;Fagbenro, 1998;Glencross, 2020;Goda et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2020;Nazzaro et al, 2021;Toko et al, 2008;Tomas-Vidal et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2008). In spite of these promising alternatives, it is quite difficult to get an ingredient with a complete AA profile that is not limiting in at least one essential AA (EAA) (Gomes et al, 1995b).…”

“…Moreover, plant proteins contain anti-nutritional factors (NRC, 2011), which can reduce the availability of AA (Cai and Burtle, 1996;Ghosh et al, 2019). Therefore, to achieve an optimum diet that contains all EAAs, mixtures of plant and animal protein ingredients are used in formulating aquafeeds (Tomas-Vidal et al, 2019). Investigating the digestibility values of these ingredients is an essential step in formulating balanced practical diets (Glencross, 2020;Gomes et al, 1995a).…”

Growth and physiological responses of juvenile amberjack (Seriola dumerili) fed pellet diets bound by different binders

“…On the contrary, AG is a proteinous substance that would probably be degraded by proteases in the digestive system. In fact, favorable digestibility was reported in amberjack fed wheat gluten-based diet (Tomas-Vidal, Monge-Ortiz, Jover-Cerda, & Martinez-Llorens, 2019). Considering this, proteinous substances such as AG could be used as a binder in pellet feed, while gel-forming saccharides such as NSPs would not be appropriate ingredients in pellet-type feed for amberjack juvenile in terms of feed digestion.…”