Apparent Effect on the Mycetomal Microorganisms of Repeated Exposure of the Host Insect, Sitophilus Granarius (L.) (Coleoptera), to Methyl Bromide Fumigation

Musgrave, A.; Monro, H. A. U.; Upitis, E.

doi:10.1139/m61-031

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…treatment of host insect with antibiotics (Schneider 1956;Glaser 1946), centrifuging the host eggs (Aschner 1934), and *In the old sense, and including Blattidae. repeated exposure of the host insect to methyl bromide fumigation (Musgrave, Monro and Upitis 1961) have all been associated with apparent loss of mycetomal or mycetocyte micro-organisms.…”

Section: Mutual Benefit and Metabolic Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect Mycetomes

Musgrave¹

1964

Can Entomol

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After defining the entomological use of the term mycetome a short general account is given of the various supposedly beneficial relationships between insects and internally harboured micro-organisms and the metabolic balance needed. Not all beneficial micro-organisms are harboured in mycetomes or even in mycetocytes, but the present paper is concerned only with insects having mycetomes. It is shown that there is good evidence for accepting the premise that true micro-organisms are found in insect mycetomes and that the micro-organisms supply the insect host with some useful metabolite (s), Special consideration is given to the genus Sitophilus, Here the mycetomal micro-organisms probably supply a useful nutrient that is "essential" only when the diet available to the weevils is inadequate. Whole wheat grain appears to be an adequate diet. Some strains of weevils apparently free of mycetomal micro-organisms are pale in colour, light in weight and particularly susceptible to dietary changes. Weevils reared at temperatures too much above the optimum lose their mycetomal micro-organisms. Although the organisms are pleomorphic there is evidence that their morphology in any one strain of weevil, reared under standard conditions, is constant: and thus it seems the micro-organisms may have taxonomic value in entomology. The possible origin of mycetomes and of the mutualistic associations are discussed and suggestions made about future research.

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Section: Mutual Benefit and Metabolic Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…roaches have a pale cuticle (Richards and Brooks 1958).) Exposure to methyl bromide for several generations is also associated with loss of mycetomal microorganisms in the surviving methyl-bromide-tolerant weevils (Musgrave, Monro and Upitis 1961).…”

Section: Mycetomes In Sitophilusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Mycetomes

Musgrave¹

1964

Can Entomol

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Further studies on a pyrethrum‐resistant strain of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.)

Lloyd¹,

Parkin²

1963

J Sci Food Agric

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The resistance to pyrethrins of a strain of the granary weevil, Sitophilus (Calandra) granarius (L)., previously reported1 at the 21st generation to be 18 times that of the P.I.L. standard strain, has been raised by further selection to X 52 in the 29th generation. A branch‐line stock from the 24th and 25th generations, when the pyrethrum resistance was X34, was used for cross‐tolerance tests with methyl bromide (x0.9), dieldrin (x2.2), carbaryl (x3.1), lindane (x5.5), malathion (x5.7), dinoseb (x5.8), DDT (x15.1), allethrin (x39.8), synergised pyrethrins (x5.5) and synergised allethrin (x6.6). The interpretation of these results is discussed in relation to the results of exposure to environmental stress in the form of starvation (x2.0), heat (x1.2), cold (x1.1) and two methods of desiccation (x1.8, 1.7). Over the range of temperature 10–30°, the resistant strain had a lower fecundity than the standard strain and cross‐breeding tests showed that the pyrethrin‐resistant stock may be homozygous for a recessive sex‐linked gene reducing the number of offspring reaching maturity. The darker colour of the resistant beetles may also be transmitted by the female. A preliminary test with small numbers of insects indicated that the genetic factor, or factors, for pyrethrin resistance is autosomal and partially dominant.

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