Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows

Wright, Tom; Holub, Bruce J.; McBride, B.W.

doi:10.4141/a98-088

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The more prominent of the PUFA present in milkfats are: 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid), 20:5n-3 (EPA), 22:4n-6, and 22:5n-3. DHA (22:6n-3) is present only in trace amounts in milkfat unless the cow's diet contained some fish or algal products (50,61,62); Figure 12B represents a milk from cows fed a fish meal diet, and Figure 13B a milk from cows fed a control diet.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two GC columns (60‐m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100‐m CP sil 88) for analysis of milkfat with emphasis on CLA, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3 isomers, and short‐ and long‐chain FA

Kramer

Blackadar

Zhou

2002

Lipids

181

141

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Milkfat is a complex mixture of many diverse FA, some of which have demonstrated health benefits including anticancer properties. Attempts are under way to enrich milkfats with long-chain n-3 PUFA and CLA. It has been recommended that the analysis of these milkfats requires gas chromatography (GC) equipped with long, highly polar capillary columns. However, many analyses have been reported using CARBOWAX type (polyethylene glycol) capillary columns, such as SUPELCOWAX 10, even though the separation characteristics of many of the FA and their isomers present in milkfats have not been described in detail. This includes the isomers of CLA, cis- and trans-octadecenoic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3), and the long-chain PUFA. On the other hand, the resolution of these FA and their isomers has been more fully described using the highly polar capillary columns, such as CP Sil 88 and SP2560 because of the improved resolution obtained using these polar columns. The present study was undertaken to characterize the separation of these FA present in milkfats using a 60-m SUPELCOWAX 10 column, to compare the results to those from a 100-m CP Sil 88 column, and to determine if these two columns could possibly serve to complement each other for the analysis of total milkfat. The advantages of the SUPELCOWAX 10 column were a better resolution of the short-chain saturated from their monounsaturated FA (MUFA) analogs, and a complete separation of the alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) and eicosadecenoic acid (20:1) isomers. It also provided an alternative elution order of the linoleic (18:2n-6), 18:3n-3 and gamma-linolenic (18:3n-6) acid isomers. On the other hand, the CP Sil 88 column provided a better resolution of the CLA isomers, MUFA, the isolated cis and trans MUFA fractions, the PUFA, and many the 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 isomers. A complete analysis of milk lipids using the CP Sil 88 column required the prior separation of total FAME using silver ion-TLC. The results of the present study confirm that the 100-m highly polar capillary GC columns are mandatory for the analysis of milk lipids, and at best, the 60 m SUPELCOWAX 10 capillary column serves as a complementary GC column to provide different separations in certain regions based on its intermediate polarity.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two GC columns (60‐m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100‐m CP sil 88) for analysis of milkfat with emphasis on CLA, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3 isomers, and short‐ and long‐chain FA

Kramer

Blackadar

Zhou

2002

Lipids

181

141

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“…Offer et al (1999) reported transfer coefficients of less than 0.03 for PUFA of chain length ≥ C 20 . Cant et al (1997) reported transfer efficiencies of 0.09 and 0.16 for EPA and DHA, respectively, whereas Wright et al (1999) reported that the transfer of EPA and DHA declined from 0.27 to 0.07, and 0.34 to 0.11, respectively, as intakes increased from 1.6 to 16 g/d. Palmquist and Griinari (2006) reported that only 10 mg of DHA/g of intake, 57 mg of EPA/g of intake, and 110 mg of DPA/ g of intake appeared in milk compared with the 17, 34, and 214 mg/g of DHA, EPA, and DPA intake, respectively, in the drinking water of the cows in the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplementing fish oil in the drinking water of dairy cows on production performance and milk fatty acid composition1

Osborne

Radhakrishnan

Odongo

et al. 2008

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing fish oil (FO) in the drinking water of dairy cows on production performance and milk fatty acid composition. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows (741 +/- 84 kg of BW; 60 +/- 2.3 d in milk, mean +/- SD) housed in a tie-stall facility were used in the study. The study was conducted as a completely randomized design with repeated measurements. The cows were blocked by days in milk and allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: 10 g of menhaden FO/kg of DM top-dressed on the total mixed ration (FOT), and 2 g of menhaden FO/L delivered in the drinking water (FOW). The trial lasted for 5 wk: a 1-wk pretreatment adjustment period and 4 wk of treatment. The animals were fed and milked twice daily (feeding at 0830 and 1300; milking at 0500 and 1500) and had unlimited access to water. Dry matter intake (21.3 kg/d for FOT vs. 22.7 +/- 0.74 kg/d for FOW), milk yield (38.2 kg/d for FOT vs. 39.5 +/- 1.9 kg/d for FOW), and water intake (101 L/d for FOT vs. 107 +/- 4.4 L/d for FOW) were not affected by treatment. The mode of delivery of FO had no effect on milk fat percentage, but milk fat percentage declined linearly with time. The fatty acid contents of 7:0; 8:0; 9:0; 10:0; 12:0 in the milk of FOT cows were lower than for FOW cows, whereas 18:1 trans-12; 18:1 trans-13 and 14; 18:1 trans-16; and trans-9, trans-11 plus trans-10, trans-12 CLA were greater for FOT than for FOW. The contents of 24:1 in the milk of FOW cows were 48% greater than for FOT cows, although the concentrations were low in both groups. There was a tendency for the contents of 14:0 and 22:5n-6 to be greater in FOW cows than FOT cows and for the contents of iso-18:0 to be lower for FOW cows than for FOT cows. Although it appears that the amount of FO added in the study did not bypass the rumen as hypothesized, these results suggest that drinking water can be an alternative for supplementing FO to dairy cows without decreasing feed or water intake relative to cows fed FO in the diet.

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“…Serum fatty acid analysis was conducted according to the methods of Wright et al [1999]. Briefly, serum fatty acid composition was quantified after lipid extraction (two extractions with 1:2 chloroform:methanol vol/vol) and transmethylated in the presence of boron trichloride and gas-liquid chromatography (Lipid Analytic, Guelph, ON).…”

Section: Serum Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum fatty acid analysis and digestibility study in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) fed a captive diet supplemented with α‐linolenic acid

et al. 2001

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Mammals that hibernate must rely on endogenous lipid reserves to survive over winter. This study was conducted to compare the difference in serum fatty acid composition, dietary intake, and apparent digestibility in the Vancouver Island marmot (N = 6) fed the Metro Zoo lagomorph diet supplemented with α‐linolenic acid [C(18:3) n‐3 (α‐LA)]. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 Latin square with three 17‐day collection periods. The test diets contained 12.16, 14.85, and 17.05% α‐LA as a percentage of fatty acids in the diet supplied through the addition of flaxseed oil (∼53% α‐LA). Across treatments, dry matter intake (g/d), dry matter digestibility, apparent fat digestibility, and apparent neutral detergent fiber digestibility did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum α‐LA concentration between the three levels of α‐LA supplementation. However, this supplementation did elevate serum α‐LA, eicosapentaenoic acid [C20:5 (n‐3)], and docosahexaenoic acid [C22:6 (n‐3)] levels compared with feeding the basal zoo lagomorph diet (P < 0.05). Thus, supplementation of the basal zoo lagomorph diet with α‐LA elevated the serum levels of essential fatty acids in the Vancouver Island marmot. Zoo Biol 20:251–259, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of two GC columns (60‐m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100‐m CP sil 88) for analysis of milkfat with emphasis on CLA, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3 isomers, and short‐ and long‐chain FA

Evaluation of two GC columns (60‐m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100‐m CP sil 88) for analysis of milkfat with emphasis on CLA, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3 isomers, and short‐ and long‐chain FA

Effects of supplementing fish oil in the drinking water of dairy cows on production performance and milk fatty acid composition1

Serum fatty acid analysis and digestibility study in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) fed a captive diet supplemented with α‐linolenic acid

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