Appearance of skin rash in pediatric patients with
            <scp>COVID</scp>
            ‐19: Three case presentations

Duramaz, Burcu Bursal; Yozgat, Yılmaz; Türel, Özden

doi:10.1111/dth.13594

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Out of that 5 were case series, [16], [17] [18], [19] [20] 4 were case reports, [21], [22] [23], [24] and 4 were original studies. [25], [26] [27], [28] Maximum number of articles were reported from Italy, [16], [19] [20], [21] [22], [24] [26] followed by Spain, [17] [23], [25] France, [8] Turkey, [28] and USA. [27] All studies were published during April &May 2020.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 149 different patients were analyzed & discussed. The youngest case is of 8 months female baby (28) and the oldest is an18-year male [19] with the mean patient age at 11.096 years (SD±4.56 years) Males comprised 85 cases (57%) while females accounted for 64 cases (43 %). Acrally located erythematous to violaceous maculopapular lesion having blurred edges, occasionally with super cial bullae and focal hemorrhagic crust was the most common nding in 127 children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18] Additionally, Bursal et al reported non-acral erythematous maculopapular rash starting on the face and extending to trunk and extremities in 3 of their COVID positive patients. [28] The site of lesion was feet alone in 120 cases, mostly at the dorsal surface of toes & sometimes on the lateral margin of feet. Plantar surface & heel was also involved occasionally, more so in erythema multiforme type lesion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 in children: A Systematic Review

Shah

Akhade

Ganguly

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically and hence this review gives a future direction to the clinicians to be vigilant for skin presentations during such pandemic.Methodology: The review was done as per the guidelines of PRISMA and literature search was done on PubMed database using keywords as COVID-19, children and skin in different combinations. Articles published in English with cases of age 1 month to 18 years were eligible. The outcome included varied aspects of cutaneous and COVID-19 infection. The review protocol was not registered.Results: Of 51 publications identified, 13 studies containing 149 children met the eligibility criteria. Acrally located erythematous maculopapular lesion was the most common finding in 138 children. Erythema multiforme, varicella like exanthem and Kawasaki disease like presentations were reported in the rest of the cases. The duration of the skin lesion was 1-2 weeks in 43%. Skin biopsy done in 18 cases revealed superficial & deep perivascular and peri-eccrine lymphocytic infiltrate & lymphocytic vasculitis. RT-PCR was positive in 13.8% cases. Serological markers for HSV, parvovirus B19 analyzed across various studies, were found negative, except for mycoplasma pneumoniae in 2 of 20 cases tested.Discussion: Clinicopathologic analysis established chilblains like lesion in 43% cases with no confirmed etiology like cold exposure, autoimmune dysfunction, drug reaction, or viral infection. The usual cephalo-caudal spread of a viral exanthem was also missing. However, a low number of discussed cases was a limitation of the study.Conclusion: In the absence of any confirmed etiology for such cutaneous manifestations, the possibility of COVID-19 should be explored and evaluated thoroughly during such pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 in children: A Systematic Review

Shah

Akhade

Ganguly

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Cutaneous manifestations have been increasingly reported in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic. Despite an increase in relevance, much remains unknown concerning the characterization, incidence, and pathogenesis of these dermatological symptoms.…”

Section: Scope and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13,[15][16][17][18] Despite a large case series from Spain reporting simultaneous onset of many maculopapular lesions with COVID-19's systemic symptoms, 11 other studies had noticed a later onset in their smaller patient populations. [12][13][14]19 Studies with a later onset of cutaneous manifestations reported average latency times of 27.6 days and 27.85 days. 12,13 Mean duration of the exanthems ranged from 8.6 to 11.6 days.…”

Section: Maculopapular/morbilliform Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Singh

Kaur

Singh

et al. 2021

Advances in Wound Care

133

189

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Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a pandemic. Although pulmonary health has been the primary focus of studies during the early days of COVID-19, development of a comprehensive understanding of this emergent disease requires knowledge of all possible disease manifestations in affected patients. This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant review focuses on cutaneous manifestations reported in COVID-19 patients. Approach: Literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to examine various cutaneous manifestations related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Published articles (n = 56) related to search criteria from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to June 30, 2020, were included. The primary literature articles included in this study were mainly from France, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Results: Unique to many other symptoms of COVID-19, its cutaneous manifestations have been found in people of all age groups, including children. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are varied and include maculopapular, chilblain-like, urticarial, vesicular, livedoid, and petechial lesions. In addition, rashes are common in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a new and serious health condition that shares symptoms with Kawasaki disease and is likely related to COVID-19. In addition, personal protective equipmentrelated skin wounds are of serious concern since broken cutaneous barriers can create an opening for potential COVID-19 infections. Innovation and Conclusion: As this virus continues to spread silently, mainly through asymptomatic carriers, an accurate and rapid identification of these cutaneous manifestations may be vital to early diagnosis and lead to possible better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review and photo atlas provide a detailed analysis of the skin pathologies related to COVID-19. Study of these cutaneous manifestations and their pathogenesis, as well their significance in human health will help define COVID-19 in its entirety, which is a prerequisite to its effective management.

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