Appetite and Energy Intake Regulation in Response to Acute Exercise

Halliday, Tanya M.; White, Mollie H.; Hild, Allison K.; Conroy, Molly B.; Melanson, Edward L.; Cornier, Marc‐Andre

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002678

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the present results revealed no significant compensation or meaningful change in daily EI after the different acute exercise interventions. This finding is in line with some previous acute (Stubbs et al, 2002a;Unick et al, 2010;Balaguera-Cortes et al, 2011;Vatansever-Ozen et al, 2011;Halliday et al, 2021) and chronic studies (Martins et al, 2010;Caudwell et al, 2013;Melzer et al, 2016;Castro et al, 2020), in that EI was almost unchanged after exercise interventions. In an early study by Whybrow et al (2008) energy intake only began to offset energy expenditure over an intervention during 1-2 weeks; that is, the energy intake not compensated immediately after exercise but changed imperceptibly in the following days.…”

Section: Energy Intake Appetite and Related Hormonessupporting

confidence: 92%

Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults

Liu

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Objectives: To examine compensatory changes of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), appetite, and energy intake (EI) in normal and overweight adults, and to determine if different body mass index of individuals interact with these compensatory effects.Methods: Ten normal weight adults (nine females and one male; age: 24.0 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and ten overweight adults (six females and four males; age: 24.5 ± 0.9 years; BMI: 25.9 ± 0.4 kg/m2) participated in this study. The participants completed two exercise trials: short-duration continuous training (SDCT) and long-duration continuous training (LDCT), i.e., a 40 min short-duration and an 80 min long-duration continuous training in a randomized order. Total physical activity and NEPA were monitored using an accelerometer for seven consecutive days, which involved a two-day baseline observation period (C-pre-Ex), three-day exercise intervention period (Ex), and two-day follow-up period (C-post-Ex). Blood samples were collected for appetite-related hormone analysis. Appetite score was assessed using the visual analogue scale. Energy intake was evaluated by weighing the food and recording diaries.Results: The NEPA evaluation showed that it was higher for SDCT than for LDCT in the C-post-Ex period (F (1, 19) = 8.508, p = 0.009) in the total sample. Moreover, results also indicated that NEPA was lower for LDCT (F (2, 18) = 6.316, p = 0.020) and higher for SDCT (F (2, 18) = 3.889, p = 0.026) in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods in overweight group. Acyl-ghrelin revealed a main effect of time in the total sample and in normal weight and overweight groups; it was lower in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods (all p < 0.05). Total EI analysis revealed no significant changes in either the total sample or in the normal weight and overweight groups.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that short duration exercise led to a compensatory increment in NEPA, whereas long duration exercise induced a compensatory decrease in NEPA. Moreover, there was a higher and delayed compensatory response in overweight adults than in normal weight adults. Nevertheless, energy intake was not changed across time, regardless of exercise duration.

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Section: Energy Intake Appetite and Related Hormonessupporting

confidence: 92%

Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults

Liu

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…Several studies have also shown that aerobic exercise can alter plasma concentrations of PYY [50], PP [42], GIP [51], and leptin [52], though the impact of exercise on these hormones is transient. For example, PYY concentrations appear to be lower for only 90 min following exercise [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormone Concentrations over a 36-h Fast in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study

et al. 2023

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Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity of work showing the effects of the two modalities (fasting and exercise) combined. Twenty healthy adults (11 males, 9 females) completed both conditions of this study, each consisting of a 36-h water-only fast. One of the fasts began with treadmill exercise, and the differences between the conditions on various appetite hormones were measured every 12 h. The difference in the area under the curve between conditions for ghrelin was 211.8 ± 73.1 pg/mL (F = 8.40, p < 0.0105), and, for GLP-1, it was −1867.9 ± 850.4 pg/mL (F = 4.82, p < 0.0422). No significant differences were noted for areas under the curve between conditions for leptin, PP, PYY, insulin, or GIP. Initiating a fast with exercise lowers ghrelin concentrations and elevates GLP-1 concentrations. Given that ghrelin elicits feelings of hunger and GLP-1 signals feelings of satiety, adding exercise to the beginning of a fast may reduce some of the biological drive of hunger, which could make fasting more tolerable, leading to better adherence and more significant health outcomes.

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“…However, self-reported dietary intake data are highly prone to misreporting and often unrelated to actual energy intake ( 40 ). The acute energy intake data for this trial are published elsewhere ( 25 , 26 ). Third, waking wear time was identified from the first and last instance of steps registered on the ActivPAL device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial with three conditions designed to investigate the effect of exercise modality on appetite and energy intake ( 25 ). Data were collected between Fall 2017 and Spring 2019.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity

et al. 2023

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Introduction/Purpose A reduction in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA) after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. Aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) may have different effects on NEPA. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of AEx or REx on NEPA and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity. Methods Adults with overweight or obesity (n = 24; 50% male; age, 34.5 ± 1.5 yr; body mass index, 28.5 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) not meeting current physical activity guidelines completed a single 45-min bout of AEx, REx, or a sedentary control on different days in random order. After each condition, participants’ NEPA was recorded for 84 h by accelerometer. Time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity; steps; metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours; and sit-to-stand transitions were calculated using activity count data. Results No differences were observed in the percent of waking time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous activity between conditions (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in steps, MET-hours, or sit-to-stand transitions between conditions (P > 0.05). NEPA responses were variable among individuals, with approximately half of participants reducing and half increasing NEPA over the 84 h after each exercise condition. Conclusion NEPA was not reduced after an acute bout of AEx or REx in a sample of inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

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Appetite and Energy Intake Regulation in Response to Acute Exercise

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults

Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults

The Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormone Concentrations over a 36-h Fast in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity

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