Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed ofMorus alba,Yerba mate, andMagnolia officinalis

Abstract

Background. Obesity and its comorbidities continue to challenge the world at an alarming rate. Although the long term solution lies on lifestyle changes in the form of dieting and exercising, drug, medical food, or dietary supplement interventions are required for those who are already obese. Here we describe a standardized blend composed of extracts from three medicinal plants: Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis for appetite suppression and metabolic disorders management. Method. Extracts were standardized to yield a composition designated as UP601. Appetite suppression activity was tested in acute feed intake rat model. Efficacy was evaluated in C57BL/6J mouse models treated with oral doses of 1.3 g/kg/day for 7 weeks. Orlistat at 40 mg/kg/day was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). ELISA was done for insulin, leptin, and ghrelin level quantitation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring was conducted. Results. Marked acute hypophagia with 81.8, 75.3, 43.9, and 30.9% reductions in food intake at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours were observed for UP601. Decreases in body weight gain (21.5% compared to the HFD at weeks 7 and 8.2% compared to baseline) and calorie intake (40.5% for the first week) were observed. 75.9% and 46.8% reductions in insulin and leptin, respectively, 4.2-fold increase in ghrelin level, and reductions of 18.6% in cholesterol and 59% in low-density lipoprotein were documented. A percentage body fat of 18.9%, 47.8%, 46.1%, and 30.4% was found for mice treated with normal control, HFD, Orlistat, and UP601, respectively. 59.3% less mesenteric fat pad and improved NASH scores were observed for UP601. Conclusion. UP601, a standardized botanical composition from Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis could be used as a natural alternative for appetite suppression, maintaining healthy body weight and metabolism management.

Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) Metabolic, Satiety, and Mood State Effects at Rest and during Prolonged Exercise

“…There was also a reduction in appetite VAS measures, especially for hunger ( p = 0.019) and prospective eating ( p = 0.022), ( Table 1 ) following the YM ingestion compared with PLC. These YM appetite control effects are reported in humans for the first time, considering previous positive effects reported in animal models [ 13 , 14 ], and the recent report of appetite suppression following exercise in trained female participants [ 41 ]. The reduced VAS appetite scores are also in line with previous results found when YM was combined with other multi-ingredients before and after moderate exercise at Fatmax intensities at 43% , which is slightly higher than COP intensities of 38% to the present COP intensities [ 22 ].…”

“…Recent findings have also indicated that YM metabolic properties may be combined with positive psychomotor and appetite control effects, which complement the YM fat-loss promoting properties. Such effects include suppressed appetite through an increased expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and delayed gastric emptying, as seen in mice studies [ 12 , 13 ], and increased ghrelin up to 4.2-fold in rat models following YM ingestion [ 14 ].…”

Chrysin mitigated obesity by regulating energy intake and expenditure in rats

“…The feed intake was monitored for three days to determine the average daily intake of each rat. 18 Thereafter, vehicle, naltrexone or chrysin was administered to the rats and the feed intake was monitored for the next 24 h.…”

A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach

“…Other plants also regulated the serum lipid profiles, including TG, TC, ALT, AST and ALP concentration and expression of the transcription factors responsible for lipid metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were also implemented as an experimental model for Nelumbo nucifera [ 81 ], chlorogenic acid [ 82 ], Capsicum annuum [ 83 ], Cudrania tricuspidate [ 84 ], Morus alba , Ilex paraguariensis , Rosmarinus officinalis , Moringa officinalis [ 85 , 86 ], Ecklonia cava [ 47 ], Cirsium cetidens [ 87 ], Gymnema sylvestre [ 88 ] and Ishige okamurae [ 89 ], and among all these plants, the mixed extracts of Morus alba , Ilex paraguariensis and Rosmarinus officinalis showed the maximum anti-obesity effect as it decreased the body weight and relative weight of other body organs up to 98% and regulated the serum lipid profile by decreasing the TC (18.6%), LDL-c (59%), ALT (60.1%), AST (35.2%), insulin (75.9%) and leptin (46.8%). These results are maximum among the plants described above in Table 1 on C57BL/6J mice.…”