Apple Supplementation Improves Hemodynamic Parameter and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice

Abstract

Epidemiological studies describe the association between apple consumption and improved cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction. Our recent multiparametric screening on cellular model studies has shown that apples exhibit vascular tropism including Granny Smith (GS) variety independently of the storage condition. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic protection of supplementation of GS variety after storage in classic cold (GSCC) and extreme ultra-low oxygen conditions (GSXO) in the apolipoprotein E-deficient 8-week-old mice fed with high fat diet for 14 weeks. Supplementation with GSCC and GXO decreases circulating triglycerides, the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, without change in cholesterol and glucose concentrations and HOMA-IR. Only GSXO supplementation ameliorates body weight gain, insulin level, and HDL/LDL ratio. GSXO supplementation does not modify cardiac parameters; while supplementation with GSCC decreases heart rate and improves cardiac output. Interestingly, GSCC and GSXO reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure with a differential time course of action. These effects are associated with substantial decrease of atherosclerotic lesions. These data reinforce the knowledge about the vascular tropism of apple supplementation and underscore their ability to improve both cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Effect of (poly)phenol-rich ‘Daux Belan’ apple supplementation on diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6NCrl mice

“…Using the same DIO model, improved glucose tolerance 10 , 11 , 16 and decreased serum TG and cholesterol levels by apple (poly)phenol 9 , 10 has been documented. However, some are reporting decreased blood TG but not cholesterol levels by apple (poly)phenols 17 , 28 . Dose-dependent reduction in serum cholesterol and TG by apple (poly)phenol is observed using Kunming mice 29 .…”

Polyphenols from Thinned Young Apples: HPLC-HRMS Profile and Evaluation of Their Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Proteomic Studies

“…Apple polyphenols exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering effects as also confirmed by pre-clinical studies. In particular, isolated apple polyphenols (AP) have been proven to be effective in preventing/treating hypercholesterolemia [ 8 , 9 ], atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice [ 10 ], colorectal cancer [ 11 ], non-alcoholic hepatitis [ 12 ], ulcerative colitis [ 13 ] and indomethacin-induced gastric damage [ 14 ].…”