Apple tree growth and overall fruit quality under organic and conventional orchard management

Roussos, Peter A.; Gasparatos, Dionisios

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.011

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The weight of the fruits from the Neem and Madex treatments was in a range between organic and integrated production and did not statistically differ from any of them. Similar reports have been published by other authors who determined that fruits from organic production weigh less in comparison with fruit of conventional production [7].…”

Section: Analyses Of Weight Firmness and Color Of Fruitssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…previously obtained by other authors [7,14,19]. In the pulp of organically produced apples, a significantly higher total phenolic content was measured compared with the pulp of apple from the other three treatments, respectively.…”

Section: Table IVsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In all treatments, a higher content of individual phenolics as well as total phenolics was measured in apple peel as compared with the content in pulp (table III and IV). Many authors report the differences in the content of phenolic compounds in apple pulp compared with skin [7,19,20]. These findings confirm that apple phytoprotective compounds are mainly localized in the skin, which is the first barrier for pathogen penetration [21].…”

Section: Analyses Of Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The content of malic acid was similar in apples of organic and integrated production, and higher than in the apples of the Madex and Neem treatments. Roussos and Gasparatos compared organic and conventional apple production and did not find any differences in the titratable acidity between the two production practices [7]. In other comparative studies, conventional and integrated "Gala" Different letters in columns mean statistically significant differences among the four production systems at α < 0.05.…”

Section: Contents Of Sugars and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, organic yields were inconsistent, probably as the result of unsatisfactory crop load management, higher pest occurrence and weed pressures, as well as lower leaf and fruit tissue nitrogen levels [5]. The conventional and organic management systems resulted in similar fruit quality attributes, in terms of total soluble solids, juice pH, titratable acidity and color indexes, while the conventionally grown trees produced almost twice the yield of the organically managed ones [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Jakopič¹,

Slatnar²,

Štampar³

et al. 2012

Fruits

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-Introduction. Apple fruit contains many compounds with positive effects on human health but even small pesticide residues from integrated production cause many food safety issues for consumers. Materials and methods. The apple fruits from different types of production: organic, integrated and two combined systems were analyzed. Their contents of sugars and organic acids were quantified with the use of HPLC with RI and UV detectors, and phenolic contents from apple skin and pulp were detected with HPLC-MS. Apple quality was also determined in terms of weight, firmness and color. Results. Organically produced fruits had 14% lower weight than integrated fruits, as well as 15% higher firmness and less green skin color than apples from the other three treatments. Among primary metabolites, the sum of sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol) as well as organic acids (malic and citric) was highest in the integrated production treatment. Among secondary metabolites, eighteen individual phenolic compounds were determined separately in apple peel and pulp. They were classified into four groups: hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and flavonols. The majority of the identified compounds were dependent on the applied management system. Their concentrations were mainly highest in the organic treatment due to higher stress levels. The multivariate analysis of all monitored parameters placed organic production into one group and presented a similarity among the other three management systems.Slovenia / Malus domestica / fruits / integrated plant production / organic agriculture / proximate composition / quality / Hplc Analyse de certains métabolites primaires et du profil phénolique de pommes 'Golden Delicious' issues de quatre systèmes de production.Résumé -Introduction. La pomme contient de nombreux composés ayant des effets positifs sur la santé humaine, mais les résidus, même faibles, de pesticides issus de productions inté-grées provoquent de nombreux problèmes de sécurité alimentaire pour le consommateur. Matériel et méthodes. Les pommes issues de différents types de production (biologique, intégré et deux systèmes combinés de production) ont été analysées . Leur teneur en sucres et en acides organiques ont été quantifiées par utilisation de l'HPLC avec des détecteurs RI et UV ; les contenus phénoliques de la peau et de la chair des pommes ont été détectés par une HPLC-MS. La qualité des pommes a été également déterminée en termes de poids, fermeté et couleur du fruit. Résultats. Les fruits produits de façon biologique ont présenté un poids infé-rieur de 14 % par rapport aux fruits produits par un système intégré; leur fermeté a été amélio-rée de 15 % et leur couleur de peau a été moins verte que celle des pommes en provenance des trois autres traitements. Parmi les métabolites primaires, la somme des teneurs en sucres (fructose, glucose, saccharose et sorbitol) ainsi que celle des teneurs en acides organiques (acide malique et citrique) ont été les plus élevées pour les pommes issues d...

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Section: Analyses Of Weight Firmness and Color Of Fruitssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Table IVsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Analyses Of Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Contents Of Sugars and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Jakopič¹,

Slatnar²,

Štampar³

et al. 2012

Fruits

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Breeding for Fruit Nutritional and Nutraceutical Quality

Diamanti¹,

Battino²,

Mezzetti³

2011

Breeding for Fruit Quality

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VitaminsVitamins are organic molecules that are essential in trace amounts for human metabolism. They may be grouped into six categories: A, B complex, C, D, E, and K. Fresh fruits contain significant amounts of vitamins A, B, C, and E.Vitamin A is essential for the functioning of the retina of the eye and is crucial for normal vision. Deficiency leads to impaired vision and even blindness (Rice et al., 2004). In developing regions of the world, vitamin A deficiency is estimated to cause blindness in 250,000 to 500,000 children each year. Additionally, it plays an important role in gene transcription, cell division and differentiation, reproduction, and the maintenance of normal skin health, as well as being a powerful antioxidant (Rice et al., 2004). Vitamin A can be of animal or plant origin. In plants, the carotenoids (i.e., α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, and the xanthophyll, β-cryptoxanthin) function as precursors of vitamin A. The human organism requires about 700 (female adults) to 900 μg (male adults) vitamin A per day. Fruits that are particularly good sources of provitamin A include cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naud.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and mango (Mangifera indica L., 40-170 μg 100 g −1 fresh weight) (Kays, 1991).The B vitamins (i.e., B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 5 , B 6 , B 7 , B 9 , and B 12 ) are a group of water-soluble compounds that contribute to human health by supporting cell growth and metabolism, skin and muscle tone, the function of the immune system, erythrocyte metabolism, and the prevention of anemia. With the exception of vitamin B 12 , all the other B complex vitamins are available from plant sources; for example, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) contains vitamins B 2 , B 3 , B 5 , B 6 , and B 9 ; chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) contains vitamins B 2 and B 6 ; okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench.) contains vitamins B 1 and B 9 ; and banana contains vitamins B 3 , B 5 , and B 6 . A regular intake of the B vitamins is required because any excess is excreted in the urine. A lack of B vitamins is associated with various skin disorders and dermatitis, as well as diseases such as beriberi (B 1 [thiamine]), hyperemia (B 2 [riboflavin]), and anemia (B 6 [pyridoxine], B 9 [folic acid], and B 12 [cobalamin]).Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble sugar-lactone and a strong antioxidant. In humans it acts as an enzyme cofactor for biosynthetic reactions, a substrate for ascorbate peroxidase, and an electron donor for certain enzymes (Hancock & Viola, 2005). Vitamin C (in the form of lime juice) was used to prevent scurvy among seamen long before its isolation in 1932. Moreover, patients suffering from oxidative stress, such as that related to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic inflammatory disease, and diabetes, exhibit a lower plasma ascorbate concentration (45 μmol l −1 ) than that of healthy individuals (61.4-80 μmol l −1 ) (Schorah et al., 1996). Fruits that are particularly rich in vitamin C include blackcurrant (Ri...

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Fruit

2011

Organic Production and Food Quality

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Apple tree growth and overall fruit quality under organic and conventional orchard management

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Breeding for Fruit Nutritional and Nutraceutical Quality

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