Applicability and Optimization of SAGD in Eastern Venezuela Reservoirs

Pina, Jose Antonio; Bashbush, Jose L.; Fernandez, Edgar Alexander

doi:10.2118/117622-ms

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although IF analysis is not widely in use in routine diagnostics of renal neoplasms, here we showed an agreement of IF results with the results obtained by IHC, and all these results correlated with the TEM visualized mitochondria. The evaluation of immunofluorescence images requires expertise but trainee does not require much time [25]. Moreover, the standard H&E ex tempore pathohistological examination could not be al-ways accurate and precise, considering that fresh-frozen tissue samples do not have preserved morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Mitochondria Detection Methods Applied as an Additional Tool for the Differentiation of Renal Cell Tumours

Nikolić¹,

Životić²,

Ćirović³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The precise differentiation of renal cell tumours (RCTs) is sometimes hard to achieve using standard imaging and histopathological methods. This study investigated 43 cell renal cell car-cinomas (ccRCC), 15 papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC), 20 chromophobe renal cell carcino-mas (chRCC), and 18 renal oncocytomas (RO), stained with anti-mitochondria antibody (Thermo Scientific) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and assessed by electron micros-copy, in order to define mitochondria distribution pattern (coarse scanty, moderate granular and diffuse granular). Thus, the majority of males had coarse granular staining in the tumours, while females were almost equally distributed among groups (p=0.005). An average patient age, tumour side and dimension, and tumour stage were similar in all staining pattern groups. However, pathohistological tumour types had significantly different expression patterns, with the lower amount of staining detected in majority of ccRCC, moderate expression in all chRCC, and diffuse expression in all RO, pRCC and two cases of ccRCC (p<0.001) presented with higher nuclear grade (p=0.005). Moreover, with increased distribution of mitochondria, the intensity of staining was higher (p<0.001). Here we present a strategy that utilizes mitochondria detection to differentiate RO from chRCC, as well as to distinguish other frequent RCTs, such as ccRCC and pRCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Mitochondria Detection Methods Applied as an Additional Tool for the Differentiation of Renal Cell Tumours

Nikolić¹,

Životić²,

Ćirović³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Energy Balance in Steam Injection Projects: Integrating Surface-Reservoir Systems

Valbuena

Bashbush

Rincon

2009

Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference

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Steam injection projects consume considerable amounts of energy to generate steam. Understanding where the heat goes at various times and places during the process provides the means to improve the performance of a project. Enhancements can be achieved integrating an energy balance analysis from the steam generator through the injection network, the reservoir, the producing network and the journey of the produced fluids to the separator. This investigation presents a workflow to analyze the integration of surface and reservoir systems for a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) project, to properly estimate energy transfers in the various components of the system thus providing information to improve project planning and enhance both the oil recovery and the economics of the project. The elements considered in the systems were: boiler, heat exchanger, steam trap, steam injection and well networks, reservoir heat usage, heat losses to the over- and under-burden, production wells and surface networks. Parameters such as completion schemes, artificial lift and boiler-wellhead distances were also analyzed. Results show that surface-reservoir integration, using reservoir and network simulators, is a powerful tool to estimate heat losses in steam injection projects, helping to understand and successfully optimize their performance. The integration allowed the detection of steam quality variations at injection wells at various times during the process as a function of injectivity changes. Adequately insulated production wells under certain circumstances could produce under natural flow for some FAJA types of reservoirs. However, artificial lift methods had to be incorporated into other completion schemes to compensate for high heat losses and their correspondent increased oil viscosities that imposed higher pressure drawdowns in the production and surface gathering networks. The SAGD processes analyzed were energy efficient in spite of retaining in the reservoir less than a third of the energy from the steam. In all the scenarios, oil production was considerably greater than the fuel consumed to generate steam. The paper shows how the analysis of steam injection processes integrating surface, well and subsurface mechanisms allows the identification of critical components of heat losses to optimize the design and operations to maximize oil recovery and reduce energy consumption. Introduction Energy efficiency in oil industry operations has become an important issue to take into account in project planning. Global energy requirements are increasing faster than new oil reservoirs are discovered and the situation is aggravated by the continuous decline from mature conventional oil reservoirs. Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil production seem to be an answer to the energy demand in the years to come. However, Heavy Oil (HO) and Extra Heavy Oil (X-HO) production require especial techniques, more analysis and higher investment in order to produce energetically efficient and economically viable operations.

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Pseudo-components for Nigerian Heavy Oil and Bitumen

Lawal¹,

Adenuga

2010

All Days

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In composition and behaviour, bitumen and heavy oil are more complex than conventional oil; hence they pose greater challenges for reservoir and process simulations. This notwithstanding, one practical approach for constructing efficient fluid-property models is the lumping technique, entailing the use of pseudo-components (PC). However, this is not so straight-forward, especially for these unconventional hydrocarbons whose compositions are typically available as chemical aggregates (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) rather than the common and more convenient pure components. This paper highlights key issues affecting construction of PC’s in general, and limits them to heavy oil and bitumen. It argues that the number and characters of PC’s should be influenced by prospective method of development, processing as well as the nature of fluids the crude would contact. Hence, process-based PC schemes are proposed for the Nigerian unconventional crudes. As an example, the number of components required for a thermal process using asphaltene-precipitating injectant (e.g. CO2) and that of a process based on steam, a non-precipitant, is shown to differ. Similar distinctions are indicated between thermal and solvent-based processes. For some reference conditions, it is demonstrated that the Nigerian heavy crude can, in its simplest form, be reasonably represented as a single-component and up to five components where it is likely to undergo more complex processes or when greater details are necessary. With minor modifications, the proposed schemes should be adaptable to heavy crudes elsewhere.

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Applicability and Optimization of SAGD in Eastern Venezuela Reservoirs

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Utility of Mitochondria Detection Methods Applied as an Additional Tool for the Differentiation of Renal Cell Tumours

The Utility of Mitochondria Detection Methods Applied as an Additional Tool for the Differentiation of Renal Cell Tumours

Energy Balance in Steam Injection Projects: Integrating Surface-Reservoir Systems

Pseudo-components for Nigerian Heavy Oil and Bitumen

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