Conservation science, as a multidisciplinary field, encompasses various activities such as conditioning, analysis, conservation processing, environmental monitoring and materials research. Of particular significance is the conservation science room which assumes a central role within museum settings and facilitates the preservation and safeguarding of diverse cultural collections. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pivotal role of the Conservation Science Institute of Cultural Heritage in the preservation and scientific study of cultural assets with a specific focus on preventing damage. By investigating the background, developmental trajectory, distinguishing characteristics and objectives of the Korean Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Room, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the methodologies employed in cultural heritage conservation science and presents valuable insights into effective preservation strategies that uphold the integrity of the original cultural heritage.