Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine

Abstract

The fuel composition highly affects formation of toxic pollutants in a diesel engine. The aromatics are found to be prominent fuel components that affect pollutant formation and at the same time help provide lubricity to moving engine parts. Therefore, their effect needs to be addressed systematically. This article elucidates aromatic types and its content effects on fuel atomization, regulated and unregulated emissions. Acoustic emission signals were also recorded for engine noise diagnosis during the exhaustive testing. Five different aromatics namely, ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene were blended in ratio of 15, 20 and 25% by mass with dearomatized hydrocarbon fuel and tested in a compression ignition engine. Results reveal that unregulated emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) increase with aromatic content. However, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and acoustic emissions were found to be maximum with low aromatic content (15%). The polycyclic aromatics (indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene) produce higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonyl emissions compared to monocyclic aromatics (ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene). Additionally, polycyclic aromatics with 20% blending produced higher PAHs and carbonyl compound emissions than diesel with 23.6% aromatics. Ethylbenzene showed significantly better results for both spray and emission characteristics compared to the other tested aromatics.

Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles—From Statistics to Emission Regulations and Vehicle Testing in the European Union

“…In research on bioadditives present in gasolines, it was found that MTBE and ETBE slightly increase NO x emissions [142], while the addition of bioethanol may lead to a decrease in NO x concentration [150]. The literature also indicates the formation of combustion byproducts [151] such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde [142,152,153], acetone, propanal, benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde [154], and mono-and dicarboxylic acids [155,156].…”

Impact of Aromatic Structures and Content in Formulated Fuel for Jet Engine Applications on Particulate Matter Emissions

“…Although toluene and α-methylstyrene are benzene series, their performance is the worst in the benzene series, and their specific energy is also low. Methylnaphthalene fuelled combustion system emitted higher pollutants due to their higher degree of unsaturation and poor specific energy, and hence ranks last [50,51].…”

Effect of Engine Parameters on the Performance of Dual-Fuel CI Engines with Producer Gas—A Review

“…The ever-increasing demand for energy overburdens the existing resources of fossil fuels and results in escalating fuel prices . A looming energy crisis in front of us must be addressed with the utmost priority . More than 85% of the energy demand is fulfilled through the use of fossil fuels .…”

“…1 A looming energy crisis in front of us must be addressed with the utmost priority. 2 More than 85% of the energy demand is fulfilled through the use of fossil fuels. 3 Renewables such as biomass, solar, hydropower, and wind energy are considered as possible solutions to fulfill the current energy demand.…”