“…The motivation lies in the fact that 1,3-PD is one of the most important organic chemical materials which is being extensively applied in a range of industrial applications. For instance, it is used for synthesis of a biodegradable polymer known as polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) as well as production of detergents, cosmetics, composites and lubricants [ 23 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. However, fermentation broths of 1,3-PD are complex media which, apart from the desired product, contain water, microbial cells, residual carbon source (e.g., glycerol) and various by-products (e.g., acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol and 2,3-butanediol) [ 72 ].…”