Applicability of discovery science approach to determine biological effects of mobile phone radiation

Leszczyński, D; Nylund, R; Joenväära, Sakari; Reivinen, Jukka

doi:10.1002/pmic.200300646

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The alterations of dendritic growth and development induced by GSM microwave treatment may be associated with the changes in cytoskeleton-related molecules, such as actin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2). Mobile phone radiation was found to affect the stability of F-actin stress fibers [37] and increase the expression of the F-actin in human endothelial cells [38,39] . The expression of MAP-2 in hippocampal neurons was reported to decrease after sustained exposure to static magnetic fields [40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippo-campal neurons

Wei

Chiang

et al. 2007

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

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Aim: To evaluate the effects of global system for mobile communications (GSM) 1800 MHz microwaves on dendritic filopodia, dendritic arborization, and spine maturation during development in cultured hippocampal neurons in rats. Methods: The cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 2.4 and 0.8 W/kg, respectively, for 15 min each day from 6 days in vitro (DIV6) to DIV14. The subtle structures of dendrites were displayed by transfection with farnesylated enhanced green fluorescent protein (F-GFP) and GFP-actin on DIV5 into the hippocampal neurons. Results: There was a significant decrease in the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and in the density of mature spines at DIV14 in the neurons exposed to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 2.4 W/kg. In addition, the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was decreased, while the dendritic arborization was unaltered in these neurons. However, there were no significant changes found in the neurons exposed to the GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 0.8 W/kg. Conclusion: These data indicate that the chronic exposure to 2.4 W/kg GSM 1800 MHz microwaves during the early developmental stage may affect dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses of hippocampal neurons in culture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippo-campal neurons

Wei

Chiang

et al. 2007

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

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“…This event, when occurring in RF-EMF exposed cells, that previously underwent either spontaneous or external factor-induced transformation/damage, could support survival of these transformed or damaged cells (93). Caspases activated by apoptotic signals cleave various cellular substrates such as actin, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, fodrin and lamin, which may be responsible for the morphological changes that occur in the cells.…”

Section: C-alteration In Sperm Proliferative Activity and Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Agarwal¹,

Singh²,

Hamada³

et al. 2011

Int. braz j urol.

190

107

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Cell phones have become a vital part of everyday life. However, the health risks associated with their usage are often overlooked. Recently, evidence from several studies supports a growing claim that cell phone usage may have a detrimental effect on sperm parameters leading to decreased male fertility. Nonetheless, other studies showed no conclusive link between male infertility and cell phone usage. The ambiguity of such results is attributed to the lack of a centralized assay for measuring inflicted damage caused by cell phones. Study design, ethics, and reproducibility are all aspects which must be standardized before any conclusions can be made.

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“…RF fields have been shown to activate specific transcription factor binding that stimulate cell proliferation and induce stress proteins [25,33]. It has been reported [31] that within 10 min of cell phone exposures, two MAPKinase cascades, p38 and ERK1\2, are activated. Both ELF and RF activate the upregulation of the HSP70 gene and induction of elevated levels of the hsp70 protein.…”

Section: Emf Interaction With Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevated expression of these protein transcription factors participate in the induction of various cellular processes, including several that are affected by cell phones, e.g., replication and cell-cycle progression [25,31] and apoptosis [32]. RF fields have been shown to activate specific transcription factor binding that stimulate cell proliferation and induce stress proteins [25,33].…”

Section: Emf Interaction With Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

2009

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Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as 'chaperones' in the cell when they 'help' repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves activation of DNA, and despite the large difference in energy between ELF and RF, the same cellular pathways respond in both frequency ranges. Specific DNA sequences on the promoter of the HSP70 stress gene are responsive to EMF, and studies with model biochemical systems suggest that EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. While low energy EMF interacts with DNA to induce the stress response, increasing EMF energy in the RF range can lead to breaks in DNA strands. It is clear that in order to protect living cells, EMF safety limits must be changed from the current thermal standard, based on energy, to one based on biological responses that occur long before the threshold for thermal changes. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: DNA; Biosynthesis; Electromagnetic fields; ELF; RF Electromagnetic fields (EMF) alter protein synthesisUntil recently, genetic information stored in DNA was considered essentially invulnerable to change as it was passed on from parent to progeny. Mutations, such as those caused by cosmic radiation at the most energetic end of the EM spectrum, were thought to be relatively infrequent. The model of gene regulation was believed to be that the negatively charged DNA was tightly wrapped up in the nucleus with positively charged histones, and that most genes were 'turned off' most of the time. Of course, different regions of the DNA code are being read more or less all the time to replenish essential Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; Hz, hertz; ELF, extremely low frequency; RF, radio frequency; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; ERK1\2, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun-terminal kinase p38MAPK; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.* Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Columbia Univer- proteins that have broken down and those needed during cell division. New insights into the structure and function of DNA have resulted from numerous, well-done laboratory studies. The demonstration that EMF induces gene expression and the synthesis of specific proteins [1,2] generated considerable controversy from power companies, government agencies, physicists, and most recently, cell phone companies. Physicists have insisted that the reported results were not possible because there was not enough energy in the power frequency range (ELF) to activate DNA. They were thinking solely of mechanical interaction with a large molec...

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Applicability of discovery science approach to determine biological effects of mobile phone radiation

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippo-campal neurons

Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippo-campal neurons

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

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