Applicability of gasoline containing ethanol as Thailand's alternative fuel to curb toxic VOC pollutants from automobile emission

Leong, Shing Tet; Muttamara, S.; Laortanakul, Preecha

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00288-1

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The current state of knowledge regarding urban air chemistry predicts that all other things being equal, fuel/engine combinations that reduce NOX emissions from tailpipes should lead to decreases in ambient O3 concentrations in the NOX-limited regime but increases in O3 levels in the hydrocarbon-limited regime, with recent inventories highlighting the importance of biogenic sources of hydrocarbon emissions (e.g., isoprene) on top of anthropogenic ones [29][30][31] . Review articles underscore the need for data-based studies examining the air quality impacts of consumer adoption of alternative fuels and vehicles 32,33 .…”

Section: Salvo and Geigermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[55][56][57][58] However, compared to the number of tailpipe emissions studies, there exist unfortunately far fewer experimental studies examining the influence of vehicle transportation fuels on atmospheric chemical composition. 33,[59][60][61] One such study, which adopts a smog chamber approach, finds that ethanol resulted in around 30% more ozone than gasoline E22-E24. 62 This study is supported by a recent detailed atmospheric chemistry modeling study, 60 which concludes that powering vehicles with ethanol E85 versus gasoline would increase ozone concentrations from 7 to 40 ppb for the conditions studied, and also increase ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and peroxyacetyl nitrate.…”

Section: S11mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction in local ozone levels in urban São Paulo due to a shift from ethanol to gasoline use

Salvo

Geiger

2014

Nature Geosci

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It has been proposed that lower NOX emission fuels such as ethanol can mitigate air pollution from vehicles burning oil-based hydrocarbons. Yet, existing modeling and laboratory studies, even those seeking to simulate the same environment, vary in their predictions of how gasoline/ethanol blends affect atmospheric pollutant concentrations, including ozone. Importantly, ambient concentrations have not been evaluated during an actual -as opposed to hypothetical -shift in fuel mix in a real-world environment. Here, we report the first such study, for the subtropical megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. We combine detailed street-hour level data on regulated pollutant concentrations, meteorology, and traffic with fuel shares from a consumer demand model to compare concentrations across subsamples that differ only in the fuel mix but are otherwise similar in meteorology, anthropogenic activity, and biogenic emissions. As the gasoline share of the bi-fuel light-duty vehicle fleet rose by 62 percentage points, we estimate a robust and statistically significant reduction of about 20% in ozone concentrations, and less precise increases in NO and CO concentrations. We propose that our "model-free" analysis potentially accounts for the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and caution that successful strategies against ozone pollution require knowledge of the PRE-PRINT DATE: 18 February, 2014 Ozone levels are relatively high in São Paulo, with hourly concentrations above 75 and 125 g/m 3 , respectively, 2.7 and 5.3 times more likely than for PM10 in our sample. Light transportation is a key contributor to air pollution in this gridlocked metropolis [1][2][3] , with large public health implications [4][5][6][7] . In 2011, 40% of the city's 6 million active light-duty vehicles -likely accounting for over one-half of all light vehicle distance traveled -possessed bi-fuel capability. This capability allowed consumers to choose between gasoline (an E25 or E20 blend) and ethanol E100 at the pump 8 , as both fuels were ubiquitous among São Paulo's retailers 9,10 . In recent years, governmentcontrolled gasoline prices held steady whereas market-set sugarcane ethanol prices tracked the significant swings in the world price of sugar 8,10 . This empirical setting provides a rarely observed opportunity to examine whether urban air pollution was impacted by emissions that transitioned between gasoline and ethanol -both combustion and evaporation. São Paulo city currently features clogged hypothetical large-scale switch from a fossil fuel over to a biofuel in a large urban center. Analysis of Concentrations, Traffic, and Meteorology at Street-Hour LevelOur study cross-examines a large amount of measured data, detailed at the streethour level (Fig. 2), from several sources: (i) concentrations of regulated "priority" . We combine the extensive pollutantmeteorology-traffic data with: (iv) weekly gasoline and ethanol prices at the pump, obtained from the National Agency for Oil, Biofuels and Natural Gas (ANP) 10 , which in tu...

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Section: Salvo and Geigermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in local ozone levels in urban São Paulo due to a shift from ethanol to gasoline use

Salvo

Geiger

2014

Nature Geosci

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“…Another reason is that biofuels can substantially reduce CO and particulate matter (PM) emissions (Hansen et al, 2005). Ethanol-blended gasoline (E-gasoline) was widely used as alternative fuel in some countries such as Brazil, USA, European Union, Canada and Thailand (Magnusson et al, 2002;Leonga et al, 2002). Biodiesel-ethanol-diesel (BE-diesel) is a new form of biofuel blend from renewable material that has energy values comparable to those of fossil fuels and has superior lubricity and environmentally friendly characteristics (McCormick and Parish, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Pang

Yuan

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

115

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Detailed carbonyls emissions from ethanol-blended gasoline (containing 10% v/v, ethanol, E-10) and biodiesel-ethanoldiesel (BE-diesel) were carefully investigated on an EQ491i gasoline engine equipped with a three-way-catalyst (TWC) and a Commins-4B diesel engine. In engine-out emissions for the gasoline engine, total carbonyls from E-10 varied in the range of 66.7-99.4 mg kW À1 h À1, which was 3.1-8.2% less than those from fossil gasoline (E-0). In tailpipe emissions, total carbonyls from E-10 varied in the range of 9.2-20.7 mg kW À1 h À1, which were 3.0-61.7% higher than those from E-0. The total carbonyls emissions from BE-diesel were 1-22% higher than those from diesel at different engine operating conditions. Compared with fossil fuels, E-10 can slightly reduce CO emission, and BE-diesel can substantially decrease PM emission, while both alternative fuels increased slightly NO x emission. r

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“…Atualmente existe uma forte tendência na redução dos parâmetros da volatilidade, entre estes a pressão de vapor na gasolina. Isto porque combustíveis com altas pressões de vapor favorecem as emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs) por automóveis com motores por combustão interna [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . O comportamento do veículo com relação à volatilidade das gasolinas em baixas temperaturas pode causar vaporização incompleta do combustível e um descontrole na relação ar/combustí-vel.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desenvolvimento de um equipamento para avaliação do efeito do etanol na pressão de vapor e entalpia de vaporização em gasolinas automotivas

Cataluña¹,

Silva²

2006

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 17/1/05; aceito em 16/9/05; publicado na web em 14/3/06 DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE TO VALUATE THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE VAPOR PRESSURE AND VAPORIZATION ENTHALPY OF FUEL GASOLINES. The quality of the gasoline utilized for fueling internal combustion engines with spark ignition is directly affected by the gasoline's properties. Thus, the fuel's properties must be in perfect equilibrium to allow the engine to perform optimally, not only insofar as fuel consumption is concerned, but also in order to reduce the emission of pollutants. Vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy are important properties of a gasoline determining the fuel's behavior under different operating conditions in internal combustion engines. The study reported here involved the development of a device to determine the vapor pressure and the vaporization enthalpy of formulations containing volumes of 5, 15 and 25% of ethanol in four base gasolines (G1, G2, G3 and G4). The chemical composition of these gasolines was determined using a gas chromatographer equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID).Keywords: gasoline; vapor pressure; vaporization enthalphy. INTRODUÇÃOA qualidade da gasolina utilizada para abastecimento dos motores de combustão interna é diretamente influenciada pela composição da mesma, a qual vai afetar as demais propriedades, como volatilidade, número de octanos, densidade, conteúdo de enxofre, teor de goma e corrosividade. Desta forma, a gasolina automotiva é produzida de modo a atender requisitos de qualidade, visando garantir que o produto apresente condições de satisfazer as exigên-cias dos motores e permitir que a emissão de compostos contaminantes seja mantida em níveis adequados, como manda a legislação 1-6 . A pressão de vapor e a entalpia de vaporização são importantes propriedades físicas da qualidade das gasolinas e fornecem indicações do comportamento do combustível sob diferentes condições de operação, em motores com ignição por centelha. Combustíveis com elevada pressão de vapor apresentarão altas taxas de emissões de compostos voláteis. Entretanto, existe um mínimo necessário para partida a baixas temperaturas. Combustíveis com baixas pressões de vapor e elevadas entalpias de vaporização apresentam dificuldade para vaporização completa no coletor de admissão, dificultando o processo de combustão e diminuindo o rendimento do motor. Quanto maior a entalpia de vaporização menor será a temperatura resultante no coletor de admissão, aumentando o rendimento volumétrico do êmbolo. Atualmente existe uma forte tendência na redução dos parâmetros da volatilidade, entre estes a pressão de vapor na gasolina. Isto porque combustíveis com altas pressões de vapor favorecem as emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs) por automóveis com motores por combustão interna [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . O comportamento do veículo com relação à volatilidade das gasolinas em baixas temperaturas pode causar vaporização incompleta do combustível e um descontrole na relação ar/combustí-vel. Progressos...

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Applicability of gasoline containing ethanol as Thailand's alternative fuel to curb toxic VOC pollutants from automobile emission

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Reduction in local ozone levels in urban São Paulo due to a shift from ethanol to gasoline use

Reduction in local ozone levels in urban São Paulo due to a shift from ethanol to gasoline use

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Desenvolvimento de um equipamento para avaliação do efeito do etanol na pressão de vapor e entalpia de vaporização em gasolinas automotivas

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