Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis

Villar, Lívia Melo; Bezerra, Cristianne Sousa; Cruz, Helena Medina; Portilho, Moyra Machado; Flores, Geane Lopes

doi:10.1155/2019/5672795

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In contrast, anti-HBc prevalence varied by more than 5% between serum and DBS in all groups evaluated. In the present study, anti-HBc sensitivity varies from 79.6% to 97.2%, which is similar to findings in other studies that reported sensitivities from 76.9% to 97.6% using ECLIA or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HBc in the general population and people living with HIV[ 12 , 13 , 16 ]. Although there are differences found in anti-HBc prevalence in serum and DBS, there is an overlapping CI value for those specimens showing that DBS could be used for prevalence studies in key populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations

Flores¹,

Barbosa²,

Cruz³

et al. 2021

WJH

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BACKGROUND To achieve the elimination of hepatitis B and C, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies to increase the access of diagnosis, particularly among key populations such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), individuals with coagulopathies and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. AIM To evaluate the use of dried blood spot (DBS) in the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers. METHODS A total of 430 individuals comprised of people living with HIV, coagulopathies and CKD provided paired serum and DBS samples. HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV were tested in those samples using a commercial electrochemiluminescence. Demographic and selected behavioral variables were evaluated to assess possible association with HBV and HCV positivity. RESULTS Using DBS, HBsAg prevalence varied from 3.9% to 22.1%, anti-HBc rates varied from 25.5% to 45.6% and anti-HCV positivity ranged from 15.9% to 41.2% in key populations. Specificities of HBV and HCV tests using DBS varied from 88.9% to 100%. The HBsAg assay demonstrated the best performance in CKD and coagulopathy individuals and the anti-HCV test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in people living with HIV. Accuracy of HBV and HCV detection in DBS varied from 90.2% to 100%. In the CKD group, HBsAg positivity was associated with infrequent use of condoms, and anti-HBc positivity was associated with sharing nail cutters/razors/toothbrushes. Anti-HCV reactivity was positively associated with a history of transplantation and length of time using hemodialysis in both specimens. In people living with HIV, only the male gender was associated with anti-HBc positivity in serum and DBS. CONCLUSION DBS with electrochemiluminescence are useful tools for the diagnosis and prevalence studies of hepatitis B and C among key populations and may increase the opportunity to foster prevention and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations

Flores¹,

Barbosa²,

Cruz³

et al. 2021

WJH

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“…Moreover, few countries reported data on testing interventions in prisons. Monitoring the uptake of HBV testing underlies all efforts to scale up case detection in prisons to assess progress towards the elimination targets [22][23][24]. Reducing the undiagnosed fraction of HBV infections is a key priority towards elimination as the GHSS aims to diagnose 90% of viral hepatitis cases by 2030.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection in EU/EEA and United Kingdom prisons: a descriptive analysis

et al. 2021

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People in prison are disproportionately affected by viral hepatitis. To examine the current epidemiology of and responses targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) in prisons across the European Union, European Economic Area and United Kingdom, we analysed HBV-specific data from the World Health Organization's Health in Prisons European Database and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control's hepatitis B prevalence database. Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence ranged from 0% in a maximum-security prison in United Kingdom to 25.2% in two Bulgarian juvenile detention centres. Universal HBV screening on opt-out basis and vaccination were reported available in 31% and 85% of 25 countries, respectively. Disinfectants, condoms and lubricants were offered free of charge in all prisons in the country by 26%, 46% and 15% of 26 countries, respectively. In 38% of reporting countries, unsupervised partner visits with the possibility for sexual intercourse was available in all prisons. The findings are suggestive of high HBV prevalence amidst suboptimal coverage of interventions in prisons. A harmonised monitoring system and robust data at national and regional levels are needed to better understand the HBV situation in prisons within the framework of the European action plan and Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis.

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“…The use of dried blood spots (DBS), a collection method whereby capillary blood is collected onto filter paper, may facilitate more widespread testing by overcoming some of these obstacles [ 2 , 3 ]. Serological testing using DBS has already been validated and optimized for other viral infections including HIV and hepatitis B and C [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Compared to venous blood collection, DBS sample collection is less complex and offers the opportunity for peer or even self-collection, facilitating collection in rural and remote settings, as well as in populations who may experience geographic or structural barriers seeking healthcare in traditional settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Serology Using a Quantitative Commercial Assay

Brinc

Biondi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Dried blood spots (DBS) are commonly used for serologic testing for viruses and provide an alternative collection method when phlebotomy and/or conventional laboratory testing are not readily available. DBS collection could be used to facilitate widespread testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to document past infection, vaccination, and potentially immunity. We investigated the characteristics of Roche’s Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S) assay, a quantitative commercial assay for antibodies against the spike glycoprotein. Antibody levels were reduced relative to plasma following elution from DBS. Quantitative results from DBS samples were highly correlated with values from plasma (r2 = 0.98), allowing for extrapolation using DBS results to accurately estimate plasma antibody levels. High concordance between plasma and fingerpick DBS was observed in PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients tested 90 days or more after the diagnosis (45/46 matched; 1/46 mismatched plasma vs. DBS). The assessment of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 using DBS may be feasible using a quantitative anti-S assay, although false negatives may rarely occur in those with very low antibody levels.

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Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations

Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations

Hepatitis B virus infection in EU/EEA and United Kingdom prisons: a descriptive analysis

Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Serology Using a Quantitative Commercial Assay

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