Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ng L−1 determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples

Ciofi, Lorenzo; Renai, Lapo; Rossini, Daniele; Ancillotti, Claudia; Falai, Alida; Fibbi, Donatella; Bruzzoniti, Maria Concetta; Santana‐Rodríguez, José Juan; Orlandini, Serena; Bubba, Massimo Del

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.052

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…With values in the range of 0.0003–0.0025 μg/g in honey, these MDLs correspond to the detection of 0.6–5 pg of antibiotic injected. These MDLs are in the same range as those reported by other authors for organic contaminants using the direct injection approach in other matrices [ 10 ]. These MDLs are also in the same range as those reported for veterinary drugs and pesticides in honey using conventional extraction approaches [ 8 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Direct injection of seawater, which contains high concentrations of salts that could damage the instrument, was made possible by a post-column switch on the system that diverted the salt-containing solutions flushed out of the column to the waste. Similarly, Ciofi et al recently investigated the applicability of direct injection of waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples into a LC-MS/MS system for the determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids [ 10 ]. Their method, based on the direct injection of the centrifuged water sample without any other treatment, was reported to have better sensitivity and repeatability than those achieved with other extraction methods, such as on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Eyken

Furlong

Arooni

et al. 2019

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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The targeted analysis of veterinary drug residues in honey traditionally involves a series of extraction and purification steps prior to quantification with high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution or tandem mass spectrometry. These steps, designed to separate the target analytes from interferences, are generally time-consuming and costly. In addition, traditional cleanup steps are likely to eliminate other compounds whose analysis could prove decisive in current or future assessment of the honey sample. Alternatively, direct injection without complex sample preparation steps has been introduced for the fast analysis of trace compounds in environmental and food matrices. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for the targeted analysis of 7 key veterinary drug residues in honey based on direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight, while simultaneously recording data-independent MS/MS (e.g. All Ions MS/MS data) for future re-examination of the data for other purposes. The new method allowed for the detection of the target residues at levels approximately 20–100 times lower than current regulatory limits, for a total analysis time of about 45 min. The recoveries (103–119%), the linearity (R ≥ 0.996) and the repeatability (RSD ≤ 7%) were satisfactory. The method was then applied to 35 honey samples from the Canadian market. Residues of tylosin A, tylosin B, sulfamethazine and sulfadimethoxine were detected in 6, 9, 6 and 23% of the samples respectively, at levels below the regulatory limits in Canada. The possibility of adding a hydrolysis step to study sulfonamides in honey was tested, which provided good results for this family of compounds but lead to degradation of some of the other analytes. Finally, the non-targeted identification of several compounds was demonstrated as a proof of concept of future re-examination of All Ions MS/MS data. This paper illustrates the capacity of this novel method to combine targeted and non-targeted screening of chemical residues in honey.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Eyken

Furlong

Arooni

et al. 2019

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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“…As reported in the literature [27], ME index value in the range of ±20 are considered to have a negligible influence on the performance of an analytical method. For the proposal method, for all analytes, ME index is less than ±20.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS: A Rapid and Valid Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds at Sub ng·L⁻¹ Level in Natural Water

Barreca

Busetto

Vitelli

et al. 2018

Journal of Chemistry

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In this research paper, we report a method able to detect perfluorinated compound at pg·L−1 levels in superficial and underground water samples. An online solid phase extraction HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of 12 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs). The method is based on injection of 5000 µL of water sample in SPE online WAX column followed by chromatography separation and mass spectrometry determination. SPE online elution was performed by water + 0.05% NH4OH and methanol + 0.05% NH4OH, while separation of target compounds was achieved within 10 min by Gemini chromatographic column operating from 1 to 12 pH range and using a mixture of water-methanol + 0.05% NH4OH. Sub ng·L−1 method detection limits (from 0.2 to 5 ng·L−1), linearity (from 0.2 to 250 ng·L−1), accuracy (from 80 to 120%), and precision (RSD less than 15% at LOQs levels) were achieved. The method is capable of measuring PFAS at trace levels, but above all it can reach the limit of 200 pg·L−1 required by European regulation for PFOS determination in surface and underground waters. The method was validated for quantitative analysis of PFASs in real water samples.

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“…Teflon and glass materials were avoided throughout the analysis, as well as a filtration step, even if it was not necessary for the drinking water, in order to minimize any contamination of the samples. Furthermore, a smaller HPLC column was added between the pump and the injector in order to delay any possible contamination originating from the solvents, meaning substances that can be coeluted with the target compounds [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Cross Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A book chapter by Dasu, Kempisty and Mills [3] has reported an overview of the analytical methods that occur for the determination of PFASs in environmental matrices and, more specifically, in different types of water. Even if all the listed methods report low quantitation levels, they used an extraction-pretreatment step [14][15][16][17][18]. Moreover, most of them focused on less number of target compounds (in comparison with those included in our method), and no great differences occurred between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Assessment in Turin Metropolitan Area and Correlation with Potential Sources of Pollution According to the Water Safety Plan Risk Management Approach

et al. 2019

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Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a huge class of Contaminants of Emerging Concern, well-known to be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. They have been detected in different environmental matrices, in wildlife and even in humans, with drinking water being considered as the main exposure route. Therefore, the present study focused on the estimation of PFAS in the Metropolitan Area of Turin, where SMAT (Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A.) is in charge of the management of the water cycle and the development of a tool for supporting “smart” water quality monitoring programs to address emerging pollutants’ assessments using multivariate spatial and statistical analysis tools. A new “green” analytical method was developed and validated in order to determine 16 different PFAS in drinking water with a direct injection to the Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) system and without any pretreatment step. The validation of this analytical method resulted in really low Quantification Limits (5 ng L−1), in satisfying recoveries (70%–102%) and in a good linearity (R2 = 0.99) for every compound. Among the results, only 4 compounds and only 6% of the samples showed a pollution level higher than the limits of and Quantification (LOQ). Finally, the correlation study between the assessment findings and the industrial sites which serve as potential sources of pollution in the monitored area was carried out.

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Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ng L−1 determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS: A Rapid and Valid Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds at Sub ng·L⁻¹ Level in Natural Water

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Assessment in Turin Metropolitan Area and Correlation with Potential Sources of Pollution According to the Water Safety Plan Risk Management Approach

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Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ng L−1 determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Direct injection high performance liquid chromatography coupled to data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for the screening of antibiotics in honey

Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS: A Rapid and Valid Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds at Sub ng·L−1 Level in Natural Water

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Assessment in Turin Metropolitan Area and Correlation with Potential Sources of Pollution According to the Water Safety Plan Risk Management Approach

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Product

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Online Solid-Phase Extraction LC-MS/MS: A Rapid and Valid Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds at Sub ng·L⁻¹ Level in Natural Water