Applicability of the principle of superposition in estimating ground surface settlement of twin- and quadruple-tube tunnels

Chen, Shong-Loong; Gui, Meen-Wah; Yang, Mu-Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2011.10.005

Cited by 50 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It should be noted that the transverse settlement troughs obtained in this study incline toward the second tunnel. Chen et al (2012) have conducted two-dimensional (2D) numerical investigations in order to estimate the applicability of the superposition method in predicting the ground surface settlements of twin and quadruple tunnels. On the basis of a comparison with experimental data obtained from the Taipei Rapid Transit System, which was mainly excavated using shield machines, the results indicated that the ground surface settlement profile of a multitube tunnel could be conveniently and reliably estimated using the empirical equation together with the principle of superposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground

2014

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During the construction of twin tunnels excavated in close proximity to each other, the prediction of the influence of a new tunnel construction on an already existing one plays an important role in the design and construction of the tunnels. The researches in the literature indicate that this influence depends to a great extent on the distance between the tunnels. However, most of the reported cases in the literature on the mechanized excavation of twin tunnels have focused on the effects of the relative position between the two tunnels on surface settlements. Some of them have dealt with the behaviour of the tunnel structure through the use of simplified numerical models. The numerical investigation performed in this study, using the FLAC 3D finite difference code, has made it possible to predict the impact between tunnels using full three-dimensional simulations, in which most of the elements of a mechanized tunnel process have been modelled. The effects of tunnel distance on the structural forces induced in both tunnels, and the displacements in the surrounding ground have been highlighted. A modification has been made to the superposition method to predict the settlement surface trough over twin tunnels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground

2014

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“…In this case, the superposition principle is applicable as the ground movements induced by the left tunnel is independent of that by the right tunnel. e applicability of the superposition principle in estimating the ground surface movements has been demonstrated by [63] who reported a good agreement between the transverse ground surface settlement profiles obtained by finite element analysis and Peck's empirical equation. e modified version of the Peck formula is expressed as the following:…”

Section: Empirical Formula For Predicting Ground Surfacementioning

confidence: 96%

Ground Deformation Characteristics Induced by Mechanized Shield Twin Tunnelling along Curved Alignments

Guo

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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This paper investigates the ground deformation characteristics induced by mechanized shield twin tunnelling along curved alignments by adopting the nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). The performance of the adopted FEM is demonstrated to be satisfactory by comparing the numerical analysis results with the field monitoring data in a typical case history and with the predicted results generated by a modified version of the Peck’s empirical Gaussian formula. It has been found that the tunnelling-induced transverse ground surface settlement troughs and the distributions of the subsurface horizontal and vertical ground displacements are mostly similar in both form and magnitude for the considered various radii of curvature of tunnel alignment including 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m, 300 m, 400 m, and infinity (i.e., straight-line tunnel). Considering the variational characteristics of the ground deformations with the magnitude of the radius of curvature, the radius of curvature of 100 m can be regarded as a critical tunnel alignment radius of curvature controlling the transformation of the curved tunnelling-induced ground deformational behaviors. For the benefit of geotechnical engineers interested in curved tunnelling with a small radius of curvature, a discussion of the technologies for reducing the overexcavation and improving the accuracy of tunnel lining segment installation is also presented.

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“…e validity of the superposition of Gaussian functions has been verified in different tunnel projects in the situation of two or more tunnels excavated closely [11,35]. For twin tunnels, the superimposed Peck formula could be written as…”

Section: Limitation Of the Peck Formulamentioning

confidence: 98%

Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil

Tang

Liang

Liu

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Accurate prediction of surface settlement induced by tunnel excavation is significant for preventing damage to existing structures under complex geological conditions. The Peck formula is currently considered as an efficient solution for surface settlement prediction. This paper proposes a modified Peck formula considering geological conditions to improve the accuracy of surface settlement prediction of twin tunnels. The asynchronization of the sinking rate and stability of the vault settlement and surface settlement within the river-affected area may attribute to the groundwater drawdown caused by cofferdam construction on the river. A modified Peck formula is put forward with soil permeability and width-controlling parameters involved. There is a small settlement at the center of the twin tunnels, making the settlement trough upward buckling, which is like a “W” shape. This situation can be accurately predicted by the modified formula with a significantly increased adjusted R-square. The modified formula can accurately predict the surface settlement of tunnels excavated in low permeability soil layers with a permeability coefficient between 10−4 cm/s and 10−7 cm/s, especially in the groundwater drawdown environment. The reliability of the modified Peck formula is verified by other cases in Nanjing and Singapore.

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Applicability of the principle of superposition in estimating ground surface settlement of twin- and quadruple-tube tunnels

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground

3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground

Ground Deformation Characteristics Induced by Mechanized Shield Twin Tunnelling along Curved Alignments

Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil

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