Binders play a pivotal role in the process of electrode fabrication, ensuring the cohesion and stability of active materials, conductive additives, and electrolytes within battery systems. They play a critical part in establishing essential pathways for both electrons and ions, fundamental to efficacious lithiation and delithiation processes. Despite their relatively minor presence in terms of concentration compared to active materials, binders exert significant influence on the physical characteristics and electrochemical performance of electrodes. With the increasing demand for electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the necessity for batteries with heightened energy densities and economically viable production methods has escalated. This necessitates the development of more efficient binder materials. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted realm of binders utilized in battery production, commencing with traditional polymer binders. It critically examines their limitations in high-temperature and conductivitydemanding environments, necessitating the exploration of inorganic binders. However, these inorganic binders often lack adhesion capabilities compared to polymer binders. The review further delves into the realm of hybrid binders, strategically amalgamating the benefits of polymeric and inorganic binders. Moreover, it evaluates the concept of multifunctional binders, which also contribute to the electrode interface, conductivity, and high stability and provide self-healing properties to the electrode along with binding properties. Additionally, the review addresses recent advancements in binder technology, particularly in the context of sodium-ion batteries, silicon anodes, lithium−oxygen batteries, and other emerging energy storage technologies. The systematic exploration of diverse binder types and their distinctive attributes contributes significantly to the optimization and progression of battery technologies. As the energy storage landscape continues its dynamic evolution, the insights presented herein serve as a valuable foundation for innovative binder design and application, catalyzing advancements in the field. Importantly, the review concludes by shedding light on the flourishing use of machine learning methodologies in the development of emerging binder technologies, amplifying the trajectory of battery innovation.