“…Carmen Canovas and Erez N. Ribak compared and analyzed SHWFS methods (convolution, interpolation, Fourier methods, and centroid methods) for ophthalmology, and found that the Fourier method has the best effect for pupils with a small slope of the boundary or with a large distance from the boundary [ 19 ]. In the field of optical detection, such as the surface shape detection of high-order parabolic mirrors and conventional optical elements, it is important to reduce the measurement error by overcoming the problem of steep or linear edges [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, researchers are focused on trying to rectify the distortion caused by the atmosphere to the propagating laser beam, which may detect optical vortices [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”