Application and Efficiency of a Series-Hybrid Drive for Agricultural Use Based on a Modified Version of the World Harmonized Transient Cycle

Medževeprytė, Ugnė Koletė; Makaras, Rolandas; Lukoševičius, Vaidas; Kilikevičius, Sigitas

doi:10.3390/en16145379

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…where F tr is the forward traction force acting on the tractor through the transmission system by the drive motor torque, N; i g is the gear ratio of the transmission; i 0 is the gear ratio of the final drive; η T is the efficiency of the transmission system; R w is the radius of the drive wheel, m; F br is the braking force of the brake, N; k br is the brake pedal opening; F br_max is the maximum braking force of the brake, N. The drive motor speed can also be calculated based on the tractor's current vehicle speed and transmission system parameters, as shown in Equation (10):…”

Section: Transmission System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

Yan,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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In response to the issues of hybrid tractors’ energy management strategies, such as reliance on experience, difficulty in achieving optimal control, and incomplete analysis of typical operating conditions of tractors, an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is proposed in combination with various typical operating conditions of tractors. This is aimed at providing a reference for the modeling and energy management strategies of series hybrid tractors. Taking the series hybrid tractor as the research object, the tractor dynamics models under three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation were established. With the minimum total fuel consumption of the tractor as the optimization target, the engine power as the control variable, and the state of charge of the power battery as the state variable, an energy management strategy based on a dynamic programming algorithm was established and simulation experiments were conducted. The simulation results show that, compared with the power-following energy management strategy, the energy management strategy based on the dynamic programming algorithm can reasonably control the operating state of the engine. Under the three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation, the battery SOC consumption increased by approximately 8.37%, 7.24%, and 0.77%, respectively, while the total fuel consumption decreased by approximately 25.28%, 21.54%, and 13.24%, respectively.

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Section: Transmission System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The series hybrid tractor is equipped with an engine and a generator on the basis of the pure electric tractor. By reasonably controlling the operating state of the engine, it can achieve the same power performance as the traditional diesel tractor while reducing fuel consumption [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

Yan,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2024

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The total stored engine moving operating region energy is obtained by multiplying power differences between the engine's average j-class power, P e,j , and the required traction power, j-th class, with the engine's operating time, T j,mwa (15): W s,mwa = ∑ j T j,mwa (P e,j − P j (15) The total recuperated energy from braking is obtained by the sum of the braking energies of all individual classes (16):…”

Section: Vsp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid electric vehicles together form a key solution for increasing efficiency and lowering emissions and a viable strategy for developing countries> This is particularly so with the use of environmentally friendly, synthetic CO 2 -neutral fuels at an affordable price [13] or with the use of alternative fuels, such as LPG, which have significantly lower emissions and a lower CO 2 footprint [14]. Such power trains will certainly find their application in heavy trucks for long distances, special purpose vehicles or off-road and military vehicles [15,16]. The share of hybrid vehicles, with all levels of hybridization, from plug-in and full hybrid electric vehicles to mild hybrid vehicles, is predicted to be over 36% by 2030 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Vehicle-Specific Power Model for the Estimation of Hybrid Vehicle Emissions

Kozina,

Vidović,

Radica

et al. 2023

Energies

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Hybrid electric vehicles are certainly one of the key solutions for improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions, especially in terms of special vehicles and with the use of CO2-neutral fuels. Determining the energy management strategy and finding the optimal solution with regard to the aforementioned goals remains one of the main challenges in the design of HEVs. This paper presents a new vehicle modeling method, with an emphasis on HEVs, which is based on the frequency analysis of emissions and consumption according to the current specific traction power of the vehicle. An evaluation of the newly introduced model in the RDE, NEDC and WLTP cycle was performed, and the results were compared with the standard verified vehicle model that was created in AVL’s CruiseM R2021.2 software package. Positive traction energies have positive deviations of between 0.35% and 2.85%. The largest deviation in CO2 emissions was recorded for the HEV model in the RDE cycle and in the non-hybrid model in the WLTP cycle and were 3.79% and 4.4%, respectively. All other combinations of cycle and vehicles had deviations of up to about 1%. As expected, the largest relative deviations were recorded for NOx emissions and ranged from 0.13% to 9.62% for HEVs in the WLTP cycle.

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“…Nowadays, power-split architectures on tractors are realized mainly through hydrostatic transmissions to change the power characteristics before recombining the power flows alongside the transmission. However, electric machines and modern power electronics can improve power-split configurations like the one described in Figure 6b [64][65][66][67][68]. The configuration may seem very similar to a series architecture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Future Perspective of Electrification in Agricultural Tractor-Implement Applications

Mocera,

Somà,

Martelli

et al. 2023

Energies

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The worldwide growing demand for food is pushing the agricultural field towards new innovative solutions to increase the efficiency and productivity of cultivations. In this direction, agricultural mechanization plays a crucial role, and tractors are among the most important actors. Agricultural tractors are machines designed to push/pull special instruments usually referred to as implements, to which they may transfer power by means of a mechanical power take-off (PTO) or via hydraulic connections, thanks to the availability of pressurized oil. The tractor can be seen as a mobile power station: the more efficiently it provides power to external implements or to the ground in terms of tractive effort, the higher will be the efficiency and productivity of a certain task. However, the growing demand for greener and sustainable work machines is pushing towards new concepts of tractor powertrains with the goal of reducing, as much as possible, the amount of pollutants and GHG emissions per unit of work. In this paper, the authors will propose a review of the current trends towards electrification of agricultural tractors. Electrification can help in making vehicles more efficient and opening a new scenario for work optimization. Moreover, electrification is also involving the implements attached to the tractor and responsible for actually performing a wide variety of field tasks. However, tractor electrification requires proper attention due to the impact of high power electric systems on the vehicle configuration. For this reason, a proper level of hybridization should be considered. In this paper, a new classification method will be proposed, considering the electrification level in terms of power and as a function of the installed electric energy storage. This definition will be applied to classify the current state of the art of electric and hybrid agricultural tractors, investigating current trends in the scientific community and among industrial manufacturers with a look to the new upcoming technologies.

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Application and Efficiency of a Series-Hybrid Drive for Agricultural Use Based on a Modified Version of the World Harmonized Transient Cycle

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

A New Vehicle-Specific Power Model for the Estimation of Hybrid Vehicle Emissions

Trends and Future Perspective of Electrification in Agricultural Tractor-Implement Applications

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