Application and performance of maleated thermoplastic starch–poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blends for films

Abstract

In this work, we studied the effect of the percentage of maleated thermoplastic starch (MTPS) in MTPS-poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends that were used to produce extruded films. The materials were characterized by their mechanical properties (tensile and puncture tests), their barrier properties (carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water-vapor permeability tests), and microstructural analysis [transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], and the biobased content of the materials was determined. The results of the testing show that increasing the MTPS content decreased the tensile strength (from 19.7 to 8.6 MPa in the machine direction and from 15.3 to 7.1 MPa in the transverse direction) and puncture force (from 42.5 to 30.3 N) of the films; however, the elongation was not significantly affected. The permeability of the films to oxygen and carbon dioxide decreased with increasing MTPS content. The oxygen permeability decreased from 1.68 Â 10 À17 to 6.0 Â 10 À18 kg m m À2 s À1 Pa À1 , whereas the carbon dioxide permeability decreased from 3.0 Â 10 À16 to 1.1 Â 10 À16 kg m m À2 s À1 Pa À1 . However, the permeability to water vapor increased from 5.0 Â 10 À15 to 1.04 Â 10 À14 kg m m À2 s À1 Pa À1 . Finally, TEM showed that PBAT was the continuous phase and MTPS was the dispersed phase. As the amount of MTPS in the samples increased, the dispersed phase became finer and more regularly spaced. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: E135-E142, 2012

Influence of incorporation of starch nanoparticles in PBAT/TPS composite films

“…Young's modulus ( E ), stress at break ( σ b ) and strain at break ( ϵ b ) values of the matrix are around 65 MPa, 9 MPa and 295%, respectively. In accordance with the literature, the E of virgin PBAT is around 80 MPa, with a strain at break ( ϵ b ) higher than 600% and stress at break between 15 MPa and 20 MPa . Using 30 wt% of starch, all uniaxial tensile parameters exhibit slight decreases.…”

“…In accordance with the literature, the E of virgin PBAT is around 80 MPa, with a strain at break ( b ) higher than 600% and stress at break between 15 MPa and 20 MPa. 23,42,45 Using 30 wt% of starch, all uniaxial tensile parameters exhibit slight decreases. This is probably due to the presence of some whole starch grains in the material before the extrusion process ( Fig.…”

Non-leaching antimicrobial biodegradable PBAT films through a facile and novel approach

“…3 and 4, the tensile strength monotonically decreased, but the elongation at break and the Young's modulus were at the same level. Due to the incompatibility between PBAT and TPS/ATPS, TPS/ATPS dispersed as particles in PBAT matrix, as shown in other studies [36,37] and our previous work [38]. The SEM images in Fig.…”

Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/potato starch blends in the presence of synthesized reactive compatibilizer or modified poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

“…Maleated TPS (MTPS) (Hablot et al, 2013;Raquez et al, 2008;Stagner et al, 2012), maleated PBAT (Mohanty & Nayak, 2010;Raquez et al, 2005), soybean oil (Brandelero et al, 2012), adipic acid (Silva et al, 2013), tartaric acid , maleic anhydride and citric acid Olivato, Grossmann, & Bilck, 2012;Olivato et al, 2011) are the typical compatibilizers used in PBAT/TPS blends. It seems that the anhydride group of maleic anhydride, the epoxy group of GMA, the carboxyl group of acrylic acid and citric acid are efficient in the improvement of the mechanical properties of PBAT/TPS blends.…”

“…Starch, an example of BPMs from renewable resources, has been considered as a polymer with a high potential to be blended with synthetic biodegradable polymers to reduce cost in the past years (Stagner, Alves, & Narayan, 2012). Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is often applied in the polymer blends, where the starch granules are plasticized using plasticizers (such as water or glycerol) under heating.…”