Application-Level Interoperability for Blockchain Networks

Abstract

Decentralized digital manufacturing can contribute in advancing automation to overcome the limitations posed by most of today's manufacturing systems due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, certain challenges, such as attestation and certification of the product, tracing the product throughout the entire process, and ensuring the protection of intellectual property (IP) rights, are hindering its widespread adoption. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution for decentralized digital manufacturing of medical devices and supplies during the Covid-19 pandemic. We develop Ethereum smart contracts to govern and track the different participants' transactions throughout the process in a manner that is decentralized, transparent, traceable and trackable, auditable, trustworthy, and secure. We incorporate the decentralized storage of the InterPlanetary file system (IPFS) into the Ethereum blockchain to store and fetch manufacturing records, Internet of things (IoT)-based devices records, and additional product and digital manufacturing process details. We present the system architecture and algorithms along with their full implementation details. Furthermore, we present cost and security analyses to show that the proposed solution is cost-efficient and resilient against well-known vulnerabilities and security attacks. We make our smart contracts code publicly available on GitHub.

A taxonomy study on securing Blockchain-based Industrial applications: An overview, application perspectives, requirements, attacks, countermeasures, and open issues

“…7 illustrates a taxonomy of security and privacy requirements. • Experiments and Simulations: A collection of performance parameters used to determine the system's performance [134][135][136].…”

“…Similarly, Blockchain interoperability allows different Blockchain systems to communicate by exchanging messages and trustworthy values [331]. The challenges that arise during the interoperability of Blockchain systems include data security and industry guidelines for regulating and controlling applications [136]. Thus, it is necessary to build a mechanism that can ensure interoperability between Blockchain platforms and define rules and laws that align with industry principles and guidelines [147].…”

A Taxonomy Study on Securing Blockchain-based Industrial Applications: An Overview, Application Perspectives, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues

“…• Experiments and Simulations: A collection of performance parameters used to determine the system's performance [155,156,157].…”

“…Similarly, Blockchain interoperability allows different Blockchain systems to interact by sending messages and sharing trusted values with others [358]. However, the issues arising during the interoperability of Blockchain systems are the security of the exchanged data and the appropriate industry guidelines for the regulation and control of applications [157]. Thus, there is a need to design a mechanism that can ensure interaction between different Blockchain platforms and define the appropriate rules and regulations, in line with industry principles and guidelines [168].…”