Application of 14C analyses to source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 in the UK

Heal, Mathew R.; Naysmith, Philip; Cook, Gordon; Xu, Sheng; Duran, Teresa Raventós; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.029

Cited by 81 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As the majority of the currently combusted firewood was growing during the period of the 14 C-bomb peak caused by the nuclear weapon tests (between 1960-1990) (Currie et al 1989), the aerosol particles containing carbon from wood combustion have a 14 C activity slightly higher than that of the present atmosphere. According to Heal et al (2011), the 14 C level of atmospheric carbonaceoius aerosol is on average 1.08 times (weighted average of 1.05 and 1.15 after Szidat et al 2006Szidat et al , 2009 as high as that before the bomb effect, which was taken into correction. The fraction of the contemporary carbon (f C ) in the atmospheric aerosol samples can be calculated from the fraction modern values corrected for the bomb effect using the following formula:…”

Section: Radiocarbon Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mole fraction of the fossil CO 2 excess was calculated for the monitoring period in Debrecen air (Molnár et al 2010b) based on the formula described by Levin et al (2003): can be calculated from the fraction modern values corrected for the bomb-effect using the following formula (Levin and Hesshaimer, 2000;Heal et al, 2011):…”

Section: Radiocarbon Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. Radiocarbon investigation of atmospheric PM 2.5 aerosol synchronized with 14 CO 2 observations began in Debrecen in the winter of 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the contemporary and fossil carbon fractions in the aerosol and to set them against the fossil CO 2 excess data referring to the same period. The mass of the collected PM 2.5 mode on prebaked quartz filters was determined gravimetrically, while its total carbon mass was calculated from the pressure of CO 2 gas produced after the combustion of the filters. As a result of the applied sampling and preparation method, the stable, nonvolatile carbon forms were principally studied.14 C measurements of the tiny aerosol bulk samples were performed using the EnvironMICADAS accelerator mass spectrometer at ATOMKI. The sample preparation method was tested using several blanks, standards, and real samples. Test results showed good reproducibility for the applied aerosol sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C analyses. Atmospheric fossil CO 2 excess data were calculated according Levin et al. (2003), using the 14 C results of collected CO 2 samples measured by the gas proportional counting system at ATOMKI. Mass concentration of PM 10 involving the PM 2.5 mode in the city air exceeded the daily average of 50 µg/m 3 (24-hr limit value in the EU) several times in 2011, mainly during the winter. The results showed that recently derived carbon most likely from domestic wood burning was causing the elevated carbon mass concentration of PM 2.5 in Debrecen at the time. In the course of the 1-yr-long continuous and systematic comparison of fossil carbon mass concentration of PM 2.5 mode and mole fraction of fossil excess of atmospheric CO 2 , similar and synchronous trends were observed during the studied period in Debrecen.

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Section: Radiocarbon Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiocarbon Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

et al. 2015

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“…Carbonaceous aerosol particles derived from fossil fuel have f M = 0. As suggested by Heal et al (2011), a correction factor of 1.08 was used in this study. The value 1.08 was chosen as being within the range 1.04 (recent-grown crops and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions) and 1.16 (tree wood 30-50 years-old), based on the expectation that the majority of non-fossil carbon in these samples is derived from truly contemporary sources rather that from 50 years-old biomass.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles by Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis

Garbarienė

Šapolaitė

Garbaras

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We applied stable carbon isotope ratio ( 13 C/ 12 C) and radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis for the quantification of three main aerosol sources (coal, biomass and liquid fossil fuel derived aerosol emissions). Submicron aerosol samples (PM 1 ) were collected from 27 th October, 2014 to 19 th January, 2015 at a suburban site of Vilnius city (Lithuania). To determine fossil and non-fossil contributions to submicron carbonaceous aerosol particles, 14 C measurements of total carbon (TC) were performed using single stage accelerator mass spectrometer (SSAMS, NEC, USA). The concentrations of TC and δ 13 C in PM 1 fraction were measured using elemental analyzer interfaced to isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS).The TC concentration during measurement period ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 µg m -3. The variation of TC concentrations can be explained by the influence of long-range transport and dispersion properties of the boundary layer (mixed layer depth).We found that biomass-derived aerosol sources are prevailing in Vilnius during wintertime and ranged from 57% to 84% of total carbonaceous aerosol fraction. Applying isotope mass balance calculations the traffic emissions were estimated to be 15 ± 7% and coal combustion made up 14 ± 9% in PM 1 . To provide better information about the pollution sources, the carbon isotope analysis along air mass transport pattern was performed. Our results demonstrated that the high contribution to PM 1 from coal burning (up to 40%) was observed for air masses transported from highly industrialized Western Europe regions. Combination of stable carbon isotope ratio with the radiocarbon data allow to distinguish coal from liquid fossil fuel in the aerosol particle emissions.

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“…In this study, a correction factor of 1.08 was chosen. 45 The f c values in the samples were defined as f c = f m /1.08, and the fraction of fossil (f f ) was defined as f f = 1 − f c . Eight summer (July 7 to August 24) samples, 13 autumn (September 1 to November 25) samples, 8 winter samples (January 1 to February 24), and 3 spring samples (March 1 to March 21) were collected to determine the 14 C in the WINSOC and the EC.…”

Section: −3mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Levoglucosan and Radiocarbon for Source Apportionment of PM_2.5Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Background Site in East China

Liu¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Samples of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) were collected during July 2009 to March 2010 at a regional background site in East China. The mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were characterized by the highest levels in winter (December to February) and the lowest abundances in summer (June to August). Conversely, the concentrations of levoglucosan were higher in summer than in winter. The observations were associated to the anthropogenic air pollutions (predominantly fossil-fuel combustions) transport from the center and north China with the northwest winds in winter and large contribution of the open biomass burning activities in South China and East China in summer, which was evident by air-mass trajectories and MODIS satellite fire counts. To assign fossil and nonfossil contributions of carbonaceous matters, the radiocarbon contents in water-insoluble OC (WINSOC) and EC in 4 combined samples representing four seasons were analyzed using the isolation system established in China. The results indicated that biomass burning and biogenic sources (59%) were the major contribution to the WINSOC, whereas fossil fuel (78%) was the dominant contributor to the refractory EC at this site. The source variation obtained by radiocarbon was consistent with other indicators, such as the OC/EC ratios and the levoglucosan concentration. Biomass burning and biogenic emissions were found to predominate in the summer and autumn, whereas fossil fuel emissions predominate in winter and spring.

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Application of 14C analyses to source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 in the UK

Cited by 81 publications

References 37 publications

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

Origin Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles by Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis

The Use of Levoglucosan and Radiocarbon for Source Apportionment of PM_2.5Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Background Site in East China

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Application of 14C analyses to source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 in the UK

Cited by 81 publications

References 37 publications

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

Origin Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles by Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis

The Use of Levoglucosan and Radiocarbon for Source Apportionment of PM2.5Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Background Site in East China

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Product

Resources

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One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

The Use of Levoglucosan and Radiocarbon for Source Apportionment of PM_2.5Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Background Site in East China