Application of 6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone in the Nutrient Solution Used in Tomato Soilless Cultivation to Inhibit Fusarium oxysporum HF-26 Growth and Development

Abstract

Soilless cultivation has increased in China. Like vegetables or ornamental plants, tomatoes can be cultivated in soilless culture systems. Fusarium wilt (FW) is an economic tomato disease. The nature and amount of volatile organic compounds in Trichoderma asperellum PT-15 were investigated, and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) was detected. Furthermore, the effect of 6-PP on Fusarium oxysporum HF-26 was evaluated. Results revealed that 25 mg/L 6-PP was the optimal concentration inhibiting F. oxysporum HF-26 and that the content of fusaric acid decreased considerably compared to that of the control. FUB1, FUB4, and FUB10 toxin synthesis and transport genes were downregulated. Additionally, VelA, velB, and LaeA genes were downregulated, reducing F. oxysporum mycelial growth and hyphae formation. 6-PP was added to the soilless culture solution in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that an antifungal–nutrient solution containing 25 mg/L 6-PP significantly suppressed FW with 70.71% efficacy and a 27.23% disease index (DI), which were higher efficacy and lower DI than that of the control. Furthermore, treatment with an antifungal–nutrient solution containing 6-PP increased the levels of defence enzymes 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) compared with those at other time periods. The relative expression levels of the PR1, NPR1, PR2, and PR5 genes were considerably upregulated at 24 hpi.

6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone from Trichoderma gamsii Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Mouse Macrophages

“…This unsaturated lactone has a coconut-like smell and has applications as a food aroma enhancer. The pronounced antagonistic effects of 6PP against various fungi have been extensively studied [30,31]. Its ability to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, protect from postharvest pathogens, and suppress mycotoxins has gained significant attention.…”

Exploring the Potential Biocontrol Isolates of Trichoderma asperellum for Management of Collar Rot Disease in Tomato

“…The 6-PP has a significant inhibitory effect on turf dollar spot and recorded good control efficacy recorded both in in-vitro and in-vivo studies [70]. The 6-PP reported from T. asperellum PT-15 showed the antifungal effects by applying a nutrient solution containing 25 mg/L 6-PP significantly suppressed the fusarium wilt with 70.71% efficacy and a 27.23% disease index [71].…”

Uncovering the multifaceted properties of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone for control of plant pathogens

“…Soil-less cultivation methods like hydroponics and substrate culture offer an alternative to traditional soil-based plant growth. When 6-PP was incorporated into soil-less solutions, it effectively suppressed Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium spp., significantly reducing the disease index compared to the untreated control (Hao et al, 2023). Additionally, 6-PP induced the downregulation of toxin biosynthesis and transport encoding genes (such as FUB1, FUB4, and FUB10), as well as growth-related genes (VelA, VelB, and LaeA), resulting in decreased growth and hyphae formation of F. oxysporum (Hao et al, 2023) (Figure 3B).…”

“…4 Effect of 6-PP on plant pathogens 6-PP has potent antifungal activities, disrupting fungal growth and pathogen development (Degani et al, 2021;Elhamouly et al, 2022;Hao et al, 2023). In a dose-response experiment, Hao et al (2023) showed that 25 mg/L of 6-PP in Hoagland nutrient solution inhibited F. oxysporum growth by up to 70%.…”