Application of a Combined Measurement and Modeling Method to Quantify Windblown Dust Emissions from the Exposed Playa at Mono Lake, California

Ono, Duane; Kiddoo, Phill; Howard, Christopher A.; Davis, G. Thomas; Richmond, Kenneth

doi:10.1080/10473289.2011.596760

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Gillette et al, 2004), Sensit probes (e.g. Gillette et al, 1997) and a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) PM 10 analyser, Ono et al (2011), working in and around the exposed lake shore of Mono Lake, USA, found that PM 10 emissions varied dramatically with changing surface conditions, an observation consistent with dust emission observations from other playa lake source surfaces (e.g. Reynolds et al, 2007).…”

Section: Monitoring Of Dust Emissions and Dust Flux Measurements Both On And Downwind Of Source Regionssupporting

confidence: 54%

Recent advances in our understanding of dust source emission processes

Bryant

2013

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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The dust cycle can play an important role in the land–atmosphere–ocean system through interaction with biogeochemical cycles and direct and indirect radiative forcing of the atmosphere. One of the limiting factors for existing global models of dust transport, atmospheric processing and deposition is the quality and availability of data to allow evaluation and validation of emission schemes against in situ data from source regions. This review provides a critical overview of recent studies of aeolian processes from within or on dust sources, and focuses on studies dealing with retrieval of dust emission data, quantification of the contribution and variability of dust emissions from specific landforms, and the use of remote sensing data to reconcile dust storm inventories by direct comparison to dust source geomorphology. These case studies highlight significant advances in both field measurement and regional understanding of important components of the dust cycle derived through use of remote sensing data. However, recent research also demonstrates that most source regions exhibit significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in dust emissions from candidate geomorphologies, which has direct implications for strategies aimed at inclusion of dust emission schemes at a scale relevant to climate models. To accommodate these factors and other significant scaling issues, additional research is needed to increase our quantification of a wider range of dust source types and geomorphological contexts over longer time periods.

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Section: Monitoring Of Dust Emissions and Dust Flux Measurements Both On And Downwind Of Source Regionssupporting

confidence: 54%

Recent advances in our understanding of dust source emission processes

Bryant

2013

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…Point measurements of sand flux (kg m –2 h –1 ) were made through the array from upwind of the bales to the trailing edge of the array using two types of sand traps: the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC, Ono et al ., ) and the Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE, Fryrear, ) (see supplementary material). Twenty‐four CSCs were placed in six rows of four traps, beginning immediately upwind of the first row of straw bales and then in the center of the lane between straw bale rows 4 and 5; 8 and 9; 12 and 13; 16 and 17; and 18 and 19.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand flux was calculated using the approach of Ono et al . () as follows: the mass of sand collected each day in each BSNE trap and CSC trap was divided by the total time that day that the upwind Sensit was recording sand movement to obtain a transport rate in kg m –2 h –1 . The upwind Sensit was used because it was not possible to estimate event duration for traps that were not paired with a Sensit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large roughness element effects on sand transport, Oceano Dunes, California

Gillies

Lancaster

2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The effect of large roughness elements on sand transport efficiency was evaluated on a coastal sand sheet by measuring sand flux with two types of sand traps [Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC)] at 30 positions through a 100 m‐long × 50 m‐wide roughness array comprised of 210 elements each with the dimensions 1·17 m long × 0·4 m high × 0·6 m wide. The 210 elements were used to create a roughness density (λ) of 0·022 (λ = n bh/S, where n is the number of elements, b the element breadth, h the element height, and S is the area of the surface that contains all the elements) in an area of 5000 m2. The mean normalized saltation flux (NSF) values (NSF = outgoing sand flux/incoming sand flux) at the furthest downwind distance for the two trap types were 0·44 and 0·41, respectively. This is in excellent agreement with an empirical model prediction of 0·5. The reduction in saltation flux is similar to an earlier separate study for an equivalent λ composed of elements of similar height (0·36 m), even though the roughness element forms were different (rectangular in this study as opposed to circular) as were the horizontal porosity of the arrays (49% versus 16%). This corroborates earlier results that roughness element height is a critical parameter that enhances reduction in sand transport by wind for similar λ configurations. The available data suggest the form of the relationship between transport reduction efficiency and height is likely a power relationship with two limiting conditions: (1) for elements ≤ 0·1 m high the effect is minimized, and (2) as element height matches and then exceeds the maximum height of the saltation layer (≥ 1 m), the effect will stabilize near a maximum of NSF ≈ 0·32. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Due to limitations on the supply and delivery of dust-sized particles to the atmospheric boundary layer by constraints associated with surface conditions controlling the release of particles [Gillies, 2013], the transport of dust-sized particles will always be below capacity. During extreme dust-storm events, measured concentrations of particles ≤10 μm aerodynamic diameter have exceeded 14,000 μg m À3 (averaged over 24 h) at Mono Lake, CA [Ono et al, 2011], which undoubtedly means that hourly concentration values were potentially much higher. Orlovsky et al [2005] report that during dust storms in Turkmenistan visibility has been reduced to zero, which would require concentration of the suspended material to be much greater than any reported measurements.…”

Section: 1002/2014rg000474mentioning

confidence: 99%