Application of a Methodology for the Development and Validation of Reliable Process Control Software

Improving Patch Quality by Enhancing Key Components of Automatic Program Repair

“…Some key experimental hands-on studies that have researched NVS are, for example, Avizienis [15] and Chen [37], where they implemented NVS systems using 27 and 16 independently written versions; Ram [171] and Vog [201] have studied real-time software by developing six different implementations (programming languages) from the same requirements. Different from our study, "Diversity" in this context usually refers to the diversity of components (e.g., different compilers, programming languages, versions of the specifications [98], or different algorithms [37]).…”

Diverse neural net solutions to a fault diagnosis problem

“…9 working from different specifications [19]; 9 using different programmers [14]; and 9 using different types of programming language (procedural versus logic programming) [17].…”

Assuring Design Diversity in N-Version Software: A Design Paradigm for N-Version Programming

“…The use of two or more distinct V-specs, derived from the same set of user requirements, can put extensive protection against specification errors. Two cases have been practically explored: a set of three V-specs (formal algebraic OBJ, semi-formal POL, and English) that were derived together [5,15], and a set of two V-specs that were derived by two independent efforts [20]. These approaches provide additional means for the verification of the V-specs, and offer diverse starting points for version implementors.…”