Application of a new choline-imidazole based deep eutectic solvents in hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for efficient and selective removal of naproxen from aqueous samples

Remediation of pharmaceuticals from contaminated water by molecularly imprinted polymers: a review

“…The majority of pharmaceuticals are water-soluble with high polarity, therefore they can easily sidestep wastewater treatment plants and enter ground and surface water (Sharma et al 2019 ). If pharmaceutical drugs and their residues in contaminated food and water sources are inadvertently ingested, they can cause disturbance in the enzymatic and hormonal systems of animals and humans (Husin et al 2021 ).…”

“…However, naproxen can cause serious side effects, such as gastric vomiting, bleeding, ulcers, and kidney and central nervous system problem if it reaches the body through contaminated water (Kwak et al 2018 ; Quesada et al 2019 ). A molecularly imprinted polymer-coated with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was successfully prepared by Husin et al using choline-imidazole-based deep eutectic solvent for the selective removal of naproxen from the aqueous environment (Husin et al 2021 ). Due to hydrogen bonding between adsorbents and adsorbates and strong formation of stable complexes through the π–π interaction, this molecularly imprinted polymer displayed a better adsorption capacity of 90.91 mg g −1 towards naproxen compared to Fe 3 O 4 @ molecularly imprinted polymer.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Adsorbents for the Selective Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamics Studies

“…Notably, the adsorption kinetic parameters of various pharmaceuticals using MIP as an adsorbent are presented in Table S12. The reported R 2 values for the pseudo-first order was 0.5748, 0.952, 0.3252, 0.9423, 0.104, 0.978, and 0.7819, while for the pseudo-second order, the R 2 values were 0.9968, 0.9999, 0.9990, 0.9960, 0.9999, 0.979 and 0.9999 for nevirapine, 237 ciprofloxacin, 242 diclofenac, 240 ibuprofen, 240 naproxen, 239 sulfamethoxazole, 241 and carbamazepine 238 respectively. A poor correlation coefficient was found for first-order compared to the pseudo-second-order model, showing that the first-order kinetic model is less suitable since it did not obey the straight line.…”

“…Isotherms parameters in Table S11 show pharmaceuticals adsorption onto MIPs under certain experimental temperatures, pH, agitation speed, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate solution, and concentration of adsorbent conditions. It was observed in Table S11 that the linearized Freundlich model for nevirapine, 237 carbamazepine, 238 and naproxen 239 was favored with higher R 2 values of 0.9071, 0.9950, and 0.9964 compared to 0.8765, 0.9614, and 0.8409 for the Langmuir model. This assumes heterogeneity of the binding surface energies of the MIP resulting in multiple interactions between nevirapine and the MIP.…”

“…The positive signs of Δ H ° and Δ S ° indicated that the adsorption process of tetracycline, carbamazepine, and diclofenac obeyed an endothermic nature, and there was an irregular increase of randomness on their interaction with the adsorbent. Moreover, the negative values of Δ S ° were brought on by the decreasing randomness at the solid-solution interface during the adsorption phase, and the negative value of Δ H ° indicates that the adsorption process was exothermic for ciprofloxacin and naproxen adsorption. In addition, the reported value of Δ G ° was negative, indicating that the adsorption of ciprofloxacin and naproxen was spontaneous, thermodynamically possible, and chemically regulated at low temperature.…”