Application of a Polypyrrole/Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Ion Imprinted Polymer in the Electrochemical Detection of Mercury in Water

Abstract

Sulphur containing carboxy methyl ion imprinted polymers (S‐IIPs) were applied as an electrode modifier for the electrochemical detection of Hg(II). A bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by electro‐polymerizing a layer of pyrrole and then drop coating with S‐IIPs. The bare GCE, GCE/polypyrrole (GCE/PPy), GCE/polyprrole/non‐ion imprinted polymers (GCE/PPy/NIPs) and the GCE/polypyrrole/sulphur ion imprinted polymers (GCE/PPy/S‐IIPs) electrodes were characterised with Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) optimised conditions for the GCE/PPy/S‐IIPs were: a pH of 3, deposition potential of −1.0 V, pre‐concentration time of 60 s and 0.1 M HCl supporting electrolyte. The developed ion imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor was applied in the detection of Hg(II) in water. A detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 was calculated within a concentration range of 20–800 μg L−1. The sensor was selective in the presence of interfering ions and method was validated with inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) using real water and standard water samples.

Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in the Analysis of Waters and Wastewaters

“…A detection limit of 0.1 mg L −1 was calculated within a concentration range of 20-800 mg L −1 , which is lower than the WHO threshold (equal to 0.001 mgL −1 ). The results in real sample in comparison with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry depict its potential applicability for Hg analysis [47].…”

Review—Towards Mercury Free: Ion Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring of Mercury(II)

“…8 The Hg 2+ level in water should be below the limit set by the regulation determined by the laws of each country. For instance, the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States established a maximum of 2 μg l −1 in drinking water, 9 whereas the European Union has specified a maximum of 1 μg l −1 in z E-mail: santhy.wyantuti@unpad.ac.id particular EU directives. 10 The World Health Organization recommends that the Mercury concentration in drinking water should not exceed 2 μg l −1 .…”

“…Nitrogen was bubbled into the mixture for 30 min before the temperature was increased to 70 °C and stirred for 12 h. When the crosslinking reaction was complete, Hg 2+ was leached out with 0.5 M HNO 3 . 9 No other study has utilized this linear chain polymerization method for Hg-IIP preparation and subsequently incorporated it for Hg 2+ sensor fabrication. The use of CMC as a selective adsorbent employing ion imprinting technology has been mentioned in a few reports.…”

Green Aspects in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers by Biomass Waste Utilization

“…The growing interest of the scientific community towards the preparation of new advanced materials by green routes, prompted researchers to use cellulose as backbone-based materials to prepare green and biodegradable MIPs. In the last years, several papers on the usage of cellulose and cellulose derivatives as key element in the preparation of biodegradable and biocompatible MIP and IIP were published [ 56 , 59 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. The prepared cellulose-based imprinted polymers were used in many application fields ranging from drug delivery, separation science, and also in environmental analysis of pollutants.…”

“…Recently, many works have published in order to obtain efficient separation systems for heavy metals and rare earth element extraction. For this purpose, cellulose and their derivatives were widely used [ 71 , 77 , 78 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ].…”