Application of a Rule-Based Model to Estimate Mercury Exchange for Three Background Biomes in the Continental United States

Hartman, Jelena Stamenkovic; Weisberg, Peter J.; Pillai, Rekha B.; Ericksen, Jody; Kuiken, Todd A.; Lindberg, S. E.; Zhang, Hong; Rytuba, James J.; Gustin, Mae Sexauer

doi:10.1021/es900075q

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Subsequent models simply treated plant emission as a function of evapotranspiration rate (Xu et al, 1999;Bash et al, 2004;Gbor et al, 2006;Shetty et al, 2008). However, more recent measurements suggested that air-surface exchange of Hg 0 is largely bidirectional between air and plant and that growing plants act as a net sink (Ericksen et al, 2003;Stamenkovic et al, 2008;Hartman et al, 2009). Stable Hg isotope tracer studies have shown that Hg in soils cannot be translocated from roots to leaf due to the transport barrier at the root zone (Rutter et al, 2011b;Cui et al, 2014), suggesting that the source of Hg in the leaf is of atmospheric origin.…”

Section: Air-vegetation Hg 0 Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Reliable quantification of air-surface fluxes of elemental Hg vapor (Hg 0 ) is crucial for understanding mercury (Hg) global biogeochemical cycles. There have been extensive measurements and modeling efforts devoted to estimating the exchange fluxes between the atmosphere and various surfaces (e.g., soil, canopies, water, snow, etc.) in the past three decades. However, large uncertainties remain due to the complexity of Hg 0 bidirectional exchange, limitations of flux quantification techniques and challenges in model parameterization. In this study, we provide a critical review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of Hg 0 . Specifically, the advancement of flux quantification techniques, mechanisms in driving the air-surface Hg exchange and modeling efforts are presented. Due to the semi-volatile nature of Hg 0 and redox transformation of Hg in environmental media, Hg deposition and evasion are influenced by multiple environmental variables including seasonality, vegetative coverage and its life cycle, temperature, light, moisture, atmospheric turbulence and the presence of reactants (e.g., O 3 , radicals, etc.). However, the effects of these processes on flux have not been fundamentally and quantitatively determined, which limits the accuracy of flux modeling.We compile an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on the global Hg budget. Mean Hg 0 fluxes obtained by micrometeorological measurements do not appear to be significantly greater than the fluxes measured by dynamic flux chamber methods over unpolluted surfaces (p = 0.16, one-tailed, Mann-Whitney U test). The spatiotemporal coverage of existing Hg 0 flux measurements is highly heterogeneous with large data gaps existing in multiple continents (Africa, South Asia, Middle East, South America and Australia). The magnitude of the evasion flux is strongly enhanced by human activities, particularly at contaminated sites. Hg 0 flux observations in East Asia are comparatively larger in magnitude than the rest of the world, suggesting substantial re-emission of previously deposited mercury from anthropogenic sources. The Hg 0 exchange over pristine surfaces (e.g., background soil and water) and vegetation needs better constraints for global analyses of the atmospheric Hg budget. The existing knowledge gap and the associated research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts for the air-surface exchange of Hg 0 are discussed.

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Section: Air-vegetation Hg 0 Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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“…Eckley and Branfireun (2008) identified that flux increases with temperature and solar radiation and as a result, fluxes are higher during the daytime than at night and generally higher in the summer than in winter (Choi and Holsen, 2009a;Gabriel et al 2006;Eckley et al 2011); however some studies have also identified that lower solar radiation under deciduous canopies and lower soil moisture content results in lower summertime fluxes (Hartman et al 2009;Kuiken et al 2008). Because several studies have shown diel Hg o fluxes to generally follow a curve similar to solar elevation, measurements conducted only during daylight hours will greatly overestimate mean daily emissions (Engle et al 2001;Gabriel et al 2006;Gustin et al 2003 (Gustin et al 1999;Eckley et al 2010;Rolfhus and Fitzgerald, 2001 DFC measurements were available they were selected; however for some surfaces purge/trap data was only available and was applied for scaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of rates and controls on elemental mercury evasion in the Great Lakes Basin

Denkenberger

Driscoll

Branfireun

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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Rates of surface-air elemental mercury (Hg o ) fluxes in the literature were synthesized for the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). For the majority of surfaces, fluxes were net positive (evasion).Digital land-cover data were combined with representative evasion rates and used to estimate annual Hg o evasion for the GLB (7.7 Mg/yr). This value is less than our estimate of total Hg deposition to the area (15.9 Mg/yr), suggesting the GLB is a net sink for atmospheric Hg. The

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“…To improve estimation of mercury emission from natural sources, a global database of GEM flux from different land covers and geogenic sources could be developed, similar to those done by Ericksen et al (2006) and Hartman et al (2009). Another way to approach this would be to do a literature review and compile papers that have identified dominant mechanisms and developed algorithms that can be applied in models (Eckley et al, , 2016Hartman et al, 2009). Dominating factors include soil concentration of Hg, solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation (Briggs an Gustin, 2013).…”

Section: Mercury Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This synthesis identifies future research needs in atmospheric mercury science, based on a series of review papers, as well as recent developments in field data collection, modeling analysis, and emission assessments of speciated atmospheric mercury. Research activities are proposed that focus on areas that we consider important. These include refinement of mercury emission estimations, quantification of dry deposition and air-surface exchange, improvement of the treatment of chemical mechanisms in chemical transport models, increase in the accuracy of oxidized mercury measurements, better interpretation of atmospheric mercury chemistry data, and harmonization of network operation. Knowledge gained in these research areas will significantly improve our understanding of atmospheric cycling from local to global scales.

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Application of a Rule-Based Model to Estimate Mercury Exchange for Three Background Biomes in the Continental United States

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

A synthesis of rates and controls on elemental mercury evasion in the Great Lakes Basin

A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

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