Application of a time-of-flight spectrometer with delay-line detector for time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission

Damm, A.; Güdde, J.; Feulner, P.; Czasch, A.; Jagutzki, O.; Schmidt‐Böcking, H.; Höfer, U.

doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2015.03.009

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The present implementation of VMI for studying surfaces and supported nanoparticles is motivated by the enormously successful application of the technique in molecular spectroscopy and dynamics while also drawing inspiration from conventional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on surfaces. A number of ARPES techniques have been established over the years, including what may be considered “traditional” ARPES using a hemispherical analyzer, , more recent angle-resolved time-of-flight (AR-TOF) setups using a delay line detector for concurrent 3D detection, − and momentum imaging using a PEEM column and two hemispherical analyzers . Time-, position-, and 1D energy-resolved PEEM also provides impressive capabilities for studying single-nanoparticle plasmonics and electron dynamics, , and nano-ARPES is under development for high spatial and angular resolution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angle- and Momentum-Resolved Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Studies of Thin Au Film and Single Supported Au Nanoshells

2018

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Transverse (2D) photoelectron velocity distributions are directly measured on 10 nm Au film and single Au nanoshells following multiphoton excitation/photoemission. This unique capability is achieved by combining scanning photoemission microscopy with velocity map imaging, yielding photoelectron spectra as a function of diffraction-limited position on a sample. Detailed 3D photoelectron velocity distributions are retrieved for Au film by fitting the 2D data with a ballistic (three-step) photoemission model, where contributions from two-photon, threephoton, and d-band processes are identified and further characterized as a function of photon energy using a broadly tunable, visible femtosecond optical parametric oscillator. These techniques are further applied to investigate the more complex behaviors of single plasmonic Au nanoshells with silica cores. The strong plasmonic near-and far-field signatures are first characterized via optical and photoemission measurements, along with theoretical methods (Mie theory and finite element analysis). This is followed by measurements of the transverse photoelectron velocity distributions for single nanoshells, which reveal at least one surprising result. Specifically, nearly perfect azimuthal symmetry is evident in the nanoshell electron momentum distributions, despite linearly polarized excitation and anisotropic near-electric-field distributions corresponding to the dipolar/quadrupolar plasmon modes. It is demonstrated that this isotropy is at least partially due to photoelectrons scattering with physisorbed or chemisorbed surface molecules during the photoemission process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angle- and Momentum-Resolved Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Studies of Thin Au Film and Single Supported Au Nanoshells

2018

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“…The electron current distribution in this paper is essentially the same as the time-of-flight plot [35] and can be measured using the experimental device in our previous works [30,35], except that the MCP and data acquisition card should have a higher time resolution on the order of picoseconds, which is a challenge under current electron detection technology. A delay-line position-sensitive detector may be used in the experiment in the future, which can present a time resolution up to 70 ps [36,37]. In addition, the spatial measurement of ionization microscopy is carried out in [3,25].…”

Section: Theory and Numerical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time domain study on the tunneling dynamics in photoionization microscopy

Yang¹,

Tan

2019

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The time-dependent wave-packet theory is used to study the tunneling dynamics during photoionization microscopy in a time domain. The results show both the ionized electron current in the time domain and the radial distribution in the spatial domain originate from two contributions: the quantum tunneling ionization of quasi-bound states and the classical above-barrier ionization of continuous states. The two types of ionization exhibit different temporal characters, resulting in a spatial probability distribution which depends on the detection time. For atoms in parallel electric and magnetic fields, the interference narrowing effect is confirmed from two aspects: the linewidth evolution and the electron current distribution. Tunneling ionization reaches its maximum at the point of levels anti-crossing. This makes it possible to observe node structures in the photoionization microscopy of an atom or molecule with strong mixing states.

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“…MPES, also called the momentum microscopy (MM), is born out of the recent integration of time-of-flight (TOF) electron spectrometers with delay-line detectors (DLDs) and improved electron-optic lens designs [12,13,14,15]. Compared with the earlier generations of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) [16,17,18] that uses a hemispherical analyzer to measure the 2D energy-momentum distribution of the photoemitted electrons [19], MPES is capable of recording single-electron events simultaneously sorted into the (k x , k y , E) coordinates (E: electron energy, k x , k y : parallel momentum components) in band mapping experiments, obviating the need for scanning across sample orientations and data merging as is the case for similar experiments based on ARPES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open-source, end-to-end workflow for multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy

Xian,

Acremann,

Agustsson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Characterization of the electronic band structure of solid state materials is routinely performed using photoemission spectroscopy. Recent advancements in short-wavelength light sources and electron detectors give rise to multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, which permits parallel measurements of the electron spectral function in energy, two momentum components and additional physical parameters with single-event detection capability. Processing the photoelectron event streams with a rate of a few to tens of megabytes per second poses a major data challenge in the field. We describe an opensource, distributed workflow for efficient interaction with single-electron events in photoemission band mapping experiments compatible with beamlines at 3 rd and 4 th generation light sources as well as table-top laser sources. The workflow transforms single-event data into calibrated and structured formats for subsequent storage, visualization and further analysis by facility users. The workflow can be archived for reuse and provides a basis for the documentation and comparison of multidimensional band mapping data and their integration into materials science databases.

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Application of a time-of-flight spectrometer with delay-line detector for time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Angle- and Momentum-Resolved Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Studies of Thin Au Film and Single Supported Au Nanoshells

Angle- and Momentum-Resolved Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Studies of Thin Au Film and Single Supported Au Nanoshells

Time domain study on the tunneling dynamics in photoionization microscopy

An open-source, end-to-end workflow for multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy

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