“…The raw materials for cellulose membranes preparation can include ethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose acetate, triacetyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, etc. (Fu et al 2019;Zhu et al 2019a, b;Li et al 2017a, b, c;Amin 2015;Duong et al 2018;Hittini et al 2020;Tang et al 2019). The excellent sensing performances can be obtained by introducing metal nanowires, metal nanoparticles, carbon dots, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fluorophores, organic dyes and antigen-antibodies into cellulose membranes through physical-chemical methods (Lou et al 2020;Zhang et al 2019a, b, c;Jiang et al 2020a, b;Li et al 2017a, b, c;Lv et al 2019a, b;Shankar et al 2020).…”