“…In recent decades, various machine-learning (ML) models have been applied to DSM including random forests (RF), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and decision trees (DT). The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model is a ML model that has been recently applied to evaluate and predict soil properties (Dahmardeh et al, 2017;Moayedi et al, 2020;Najafi-Ghiri et al, 2019;Pham et al, 2019;Srokosz & Bagińska, 2020;Taşan & Demir, 2020), because of its numerous merits, including the good compatibility, creation of nonlinear structures, no need for specialized knowledge and its rapid learning capacity (Şahin & Erol, 2018). This method has a good ability to combine information from multiple sources (Sambariya & Prasad, 2014) which otherwise can be difficult, time-consuming and costly.…”