Application of AFM from microbial cell to biofilm

Wright, Chris J.; Shah, Maia Kierann; Powell, Lydia C.; Armstrong, Ian L.

doi:10.1002/sca.20193

Cited by 96 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Different variants of adhesion force measurements have been employed so far in cell biology (38, 65, 92-94, 107, 112). This technique is now fast evolving for the study of environmental pathogens (119). To date, AFM has been employed to observe the surface topography of the oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and measure its mechanical properties (8,9,18,19).…”

Section: Parasite-particle Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Forces Drive the Environmental Transmission of Pathogenic Protozoa

Dumètre

Aubert

Puech

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are pathogens that are resistant to a number of environmental factors and pose significant risks to public health worldwide. Their environmental transmission is closely governed by the physicochemical properties of their cysts (Giardia) and oocysts (Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma), allowing their transport, retention, and survival for months in water, soil, vegetables, and mollusks, which are the main reservoirs for human infection. Importantly, the cyst/oocyst wall plays a key role in that regard by exhibiting a complex polymeric coverage that determines the charge and hydrophobic characteristics of parasites' surfaces. Interaction forces between parasites and other environmental particles may be, in a first approximation, evaluated following the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal stability. However, due to the molecular topography and nano-to microstructure of the cyst/oocyst surface, non-DVLO hydrophobic forces together with additional steric attractive and/or repulsive forces may play a pivotal role in controlling the parasite behavior when the organism is subjected to various external conditions. Here, we review several parameters that enhance or hinder the adhesion of parasites to other particles and surfaces and address the role of fast-emerging techniques for mapping the cyst/oocyst surface, e.g., by measuring its topology and the generated interaction forces at the nano-to microscale. We discuss why characterizing these interactions could be a crucial step for managing the environmental matrices at risk of microbial pollution.

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Section: Parasite-particle Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Forces Drive the Environmental Transmission of Pathogenic Protozoa

Dumètre

Aubert

Puech

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…At biointerfaces, for instance, the distribution of small functional ions such as , or small organic molecules such as glucose and phospholipid molecules remains unclear. This is despite the use of many in situ techniques such as atomic force microscopy [1,2], fluorescence [3,4], Raman [5], infrared [6,7], and surface plasmon resonance [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Molecular Ion Signal Intensity for In Situ Liquid SIMS Analysis

Zhou

Yao

Ding

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. In situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) enabled by system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI) has proven to be a promising new tool to provide molecular information at solid-liquid and liquid-vacuum interfaces. However, the initial data showed that useful signals in positive ion spectra are too weak to be meaningful in most cases. In addition, it is difficult to obtain strong negative molecular ion signals when m/z>200. These two drawbacks have been the biggest obstacle towards practical use of this new analytical approach. In this study, we report that strong and reliable positive and negative molecular signals are achievable after optimizing the SIMS experimental conditions. Four model systems, including a 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU)-base switchable ionic liquid, a live Shewanella oneidensis biofilm, a hydrated mammalian epithelia cell, and an electrolyte popularly used in Li ion batteries were studied. A signal enhancement of about two orders of magnitude was obtained in comparison with non-optimized conditions. Therefore, molecular ion signal intensity has become very acceptable for use of in situ liquid SIMS to study solid-liquid and liquid-vacuum interfaces.

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“…Only a few studies have investigated the influence of specific matrix components on the mechanical properties of biofilms (23,24). The majority of recent studies focuses on the analysis of the mechanical properties of wild-type biofilms (25)(26)(27). These studies comprise work on biofilm elasticity (16,17,28,29), biofilm erosion stability (30), and adhesion properties (31)(32)(33), as well as theoretical investigations of mechanical biofilm characteristics (34,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Comparison of Physical Properties of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 and B-1 Biofilms

Kesel

Grumbein

Gümperlein

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cMany bacteria form surface-attached communities known as biofilms. Due to the extreme resistance of these bacterial biofilms to antibiotics and mechanical stresses, biofilms are of growing interest not only in microbiology but also in medicine and industry. Previous studies have determined the extracellular polymeric substances present in the matrix of biofilms formed by Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610. However, studies on the physical properties of biofilms formed by this strain are just emerging. In particular, quantitative data on the contributions of biofilm matrix biopolymers to these physical properties are lacking. Here, we quantitatively investigated three physical properties of B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms: the surface roughness and stiffness and the bulk viscoelasticity of these biofilms. We show how specific biomolecules constituting the biofilm matrix formed by this strain contribute to those biofilm properties. In particular, we demonstrate that the surface roughness and surface elasticity of 1-day-old NCIB 3610 biofilms are strongly affected by the surface layer protein BslA. For a second strain, B. subtilis B-1, which forms biofilms containing mainly ␥-polyglutamate, we found significantly different physical biofilm properties that are also differently affected by the commonly used antibacterial agent ethanol. We show that B-1 biofilms are protected from ethanol-induced changes in the biofilm's stiffness and that this protective effect can be transferred to NCIB 3610 biofilms by the sole addition of ␥-polyglutamate to growing NCIB 3610 biofilms. Together, our results demonstrate the importance of specific biofilm matrix components for the distinct physical properties of B. subtilis biofilms. Bacteria embed themselves with secreted biopolymers (1-3), building a community that is referred to as a biofilm. Such biofilms can be formed by a variety of Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria (4). The composition of the biofilm matrix is dependent on the biofilm-forming bacterium and environmental conditions such as shear forces experienced, temperature, and nutrient availability (5); the matrix can consist of different extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (6). Biofilms can grow on various surfaces (7-9). While Bacillus subtilis biofilms are formed on solid nutrient surfaces or at liquid-air interfaces (10, 11), other bacteria can produce biofilms on surfaces under water-saturated conditions (in liquid) (12). Due to their high mechanical stability (13,14) and their resistance to antibiotic or chemical treatment (15-18), such biofilms present significant problems in both industry and health care (19)(20)(21)(22). Although the compositions of many biofilm matrices are known, the biomolecular reason for the outstanding resistance of bacterial biofilms is not well understood. Only a few studies have investigated the influence of specific matrix components on the mechanical properties of biofilms (23, 24). The majority of recent studies...

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Application of AFM from microbial cell to biofilm

Cited by 96 publications

References 103 publications

Interaction Forces Drive the Environmental Transmission of Pathogenic Protozoa

Interaction Forces Drive the Environmental Transmission of Pathogenic Protozoa

Improving the Molecular Ion Signal Intensity for In Situ Liquid SIMS Analysis

Direct Comparison of Physical Properties of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 and B-1 Biofilms

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