Application of AI techniques and robotics in agriculture: A review

Systematic approaches to machine learning models for predicting pesticide toxicity

“…The agricultural applications are shown in Fig. 1 [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Plant protection focuses [ 4 , 5 ] on promoting integrated pest management, ensuring that high-quality pesticides are readily available to protect crops from pests and diseases [ 6 ], and simplifying quarantine procedures so that innovative, high-yielding processes can be implemented more quickly.…”

“…There are several challenges from planting to harvesting. Pest and disease infestation, inadequate chemical application, poor drainage and irrigation, weed management, and yield estimation are major issues [ 1 , 35 ]. From 2020 to 2026, agricultural AI spending is expected to increase by 25.5% [ 38 ].…”

“…AI may change how agri-firms compete in the food supply chain [ 39 , 40 ]. Planned initiatives to promote technology and inspire businesses and farmers to exploit the benefits of AI will anticipate greater production levels, reduced pesticide use, and lower environmental impact [ 1 , 37 ]. AI will solve society's biggest issues [ 41 ], such as the need to generate more while reducing environmental damage and the labor crisis.…”

The Transformative Trajectory of Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Two Decades of Bibliometric Retrospect

“…The primary goal of this field is to generate intelligent machines that can reason, solve problems, and readily adjust to a new environment in a manner comparable to human intelligence based on the supplied data (Haleem et al, 2022a). The booming transformative wave of AI is beginning to affect most sectors in the present Industry 4.0 (Iyer, 2021;Shandhi & Dunn, 2022;Wakchaure et al, 2023).…”

“…The modern-day history of AI is greatly attributed to Alan Turing (Turing, 1950) and the 1956 Dartmouth College conference (Moor, 2006), where John McCarthy formally coined the term “Artificial Intelligence.” The primary goal of this field is to generate intelligent machines that can reason, solve problems, and readily adjust to a new environment in a manner comparable to human intelligence based on the supplied data (Haleem et al, 2022a). The booming transformative wave of AI is beginning to affect most sectors in the present Industry 4.0 (Iyer, 2021; Shandhi & Dunn, 2022; Wakchaure et al, 2023).…”