Application of an electronic nose to the discrimination of coffees

Gardner, Julian W.; Shurmer, H.V.; Tan, Te

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(92)80033-t

Cited by 194 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In an initial processing of the data, presented in this paper, the only information used was the maximum amplitude of the Poly(x-methylstyrene) 7 Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) 8 Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) 9 Poly(styrene-co-allyl alcohol) (Table 1). As discussed below, each odorant could be clearly and reproducibly identified from the others by using this sensor apparatus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrays of metal oxide thin film resistors, typically based on SnO2 films that have been coated with various catalysts, yield distinct diagnostic responses for several vapors (7)(8)(9). However, due to the lack of understanding of catalyst function, SnO2 arrays do not allow deliberate chemical control of the response of elements in the arrays nor reproducibility of response from array to array.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior attempts to produce a broadly responsive sensor array have exploited heated metal oxide thin film resistors (7)(8)(9), polymer sorption layers on the surfaces of acoustic wave resonators (10,11), arrays of electrochemical detectors (12)(13)(14), or conductive polymers (15,16). Arrays of metal oxide thin film resistors, typically based on SnO2 films that have been coated with various catalysts, yield distinct diagnostic responses for several vapors (7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A chemically diverse conducting polymer-based "electronic nose".

Freund

Lewis

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

311

188

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We describe a method for generating a variety of chemically diverse broadly responsive low-power vapor sen-sors. The chemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of plasticizers has yielded conducting organic polymer films whose resistivities are sensitive to the identity and concentration of various vapors in air. An array of such sensing elements produced a chemically reversible diagnostic pattern of electrical resistance changes upon exposure to different odorants. Principal component analysis has demonstrated that such sensors can identify and quantity different airborne organic solvents and can yield information on the components of gas mixtures.There is considerable interest in developing sensors that act as analogs of the mammalian olfactory system (1, 2). This system is thought to utilize probabilistic repertoires of many different receptors to recognize a single odorant (3, 4). In such a configuration, the burden of recognition is not on highly specific receptors, as in the traditional "lock-and-key" molecular recognition approach to chemical sensing, but lies instead on the distributed pattern processing of the olfactory bulb and the brain (5, 6). We describe herein the construction and characterization of a broadly responsive vapor detection array based on conducting polymer "chemiresistor" elements. Such conducting polymer elements are simply prepared and are readily modified chemically to respond to a broad range of analytes. In addition, these sensors yield a fairly rapid lowpower dc electrical signal in response to the vapor of interest, and their signals are readily integrated with software-or hardware-based neural networks for purposes of analyte identification.Prior attempts to produce a broadly responsive sensor array have exploited heated metal oxide thin film resistors (7-9), polymer sorption layers on the surfaces of acoustic wave resonators (10, 11), arrays of electrochemical detectors (12-14), or conductive polymers (15, 16). Arrays of metal oxide thin film resistors, typically based on SnO2 films that have been coated with various catalysts, yield distinct diagnostic responses for several vapors (7-9). However, due to the lack of understanding of catalyst function, SnO2 arrays do not allow deliberate chemical control of the response of elements in the arrays nor reproducibility of response from array to array. Surface acoustic wave resonators are extremely sensitive to both mass and acoustic impedance changes of the coatings in array elements, but the signal transduction mechanism involves somewhat complicated electronics, requiring frequency measurement to 1 Hz while sustaining a 100-MHz Rayleigh wave in the crystal (10, 11). Electrically conductive organic polymer elements are well-suited for such an array, because swelling of the polymer upon exposure to an analyte will induce changes in the resistivity of the polymer film (17,18). This enables a direct low-power electrical signal readout (the film resistance) to be used as the sensing signal. Some prior work has been pe...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A chemically diverse conducting polymer-based "electronic nose".

Freund

Lewis

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

311

188

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“…The electronic nose produces a tri-dimensional (n, k, t) output matrix, Shurmer and Gardner, 1992;Wilson et al 2000;Pearce et al 1993Guadarrama et al 2001Di Natale et al 2000Braggins et al 1999Vernat-Rossi 1996Luzuriaga and Balaban 1999Winquist et al 1990Bazemore et al 1997;Hines et al 1999;Sinesio et al 2000Aishima, 1991Singh et al 1996;Gardner et al 1992;Pardo et al 2000bLucas et al 1998Aparicio et al 2000Stella et al 2000;Pardo et al 2000aCarrapiso et al 2001Muhl et al 2000Magan et al 2001Zondervan et al 1999Philip et al 2000Schnürer et al 1999Werlein 2001 106 Grasas y Aceites where "n" is the number of samples, "k" is the number of sensors and "t" is the number of points supplied by each sensor. Such an amount of information requires a data pre-processing step to remove redundant and irrelevant information but retaining the original information as much as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors: From biosensors to the electronic nose

García‐González

Aparicio

2002

Grasas y Aceites

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“…• high sensitivity; Rossi et al (1995) Harper et al (1996, Benali et al (1995), Tan et al (1995) FOX 3000 12 MOS Meat, grains, coffee, cheese, sugar, milk Van Dijk (1996, Borjesson (1996), Gardner et al (1992), Mariaca and Bosset (1997), Viaux et al (1996) These sensors have been proposed for several application scenarios, including the following:…”

Section: Sensor Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food quality and safety monitoring using gas sensor array in intelligent packaging

et al. 2016

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.*Related content and download information correct at time of download. Abstract Purpose -This paper aims to study different possibilities for implementing easy-to-use and cost-effective micro-systems to detect and trace expelled gases from rotten food. The paper covers various radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies and gas sensors as the two promoting feasibilities for the tracing of packaged food. Monitoring and maintaining quality and safety of food in transport and storage from producer to consumer are the most important concerns in food industry. Many toxin gases, even in parts per billion ranges, are produced from corrupted and rotten food and can endanger the consumers' health. To overcome the issues, intelligent traceability of food products, specifically the packaged ones, in terms of temperature, humidity, atmospheric conditions, etc., has been paid attention to by many researchers. Design/methodology/approach -Food poisoning is a serious problem that affects thousands of people every year. Poisoning food must be recognized early to prevent a serious health problem. Contaminated food is usually detectable by odor. A small gas sensors and low-cost tailored to the type of food packaging and a communication device for transmitting alarm output to the consumer are key factors in achieving intelligent packaging. Findings -Conducting polymer composite, intrinsically conducting polymer and metal oxide conductivity gas sensors, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) gas sensors offer excellent discrimination and lead the way for a new generation of "smart sensors" which will mould the future commercial markets for gas sensors. Originality/value -Small size, low power consumption, short response time, wide operating temperature, high efficiency and small area are most important features of introduced system for using in package food.

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Application of an electronic nose to the discrimination of coffees

Cited by 194 publications

References 4 publications

A chemically diverse conducting polymer-based "electronic nose".

A chemically diverse conducting polymer-based "electronic nose".

Sensors: From biosensors to the electronic nose

Food quality and safety monitoring using gas sensor array in intelligent packaging

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