Application of an Improved Mayr-Type Arc Model in Pyro-Breakers Utilized in Superconducting Fusion Facilities

He, Jun; Wang, Ke; Li, Jiangang

doi:10.3390/en14144383

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nonetheless, a closer inspection reveals that the switch does not respond instantly and exhibits a nonlinear behavior of voltage with time between the contacts during switching operations. Primarily, the "on-to-off" operation of a switch heavily tends to generate an electric arc between its dielectric regions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of DC Switching Electric ARC Characteristics for Low Voltages

Ariyarathne,

Jayatissa,

Silva

2023

JENRR

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Aims: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the DC electric arc characteristics for low voltages. And explore the relationship among arc time, arc voltage and arc current. Study Design: The experimental setup mainly consisted of a switch contact pair, variable resistive load, and a variable power supply. An oscilloscope was used to collect the voltage variations of the switch and the load. The voltage variation data were used to do further analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics and Electronics, University Of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka between September 2021 and May 2022. Methodology: Voltage variations between the contact pair and the load voltage were measured using an oscilloscope for both switching on and off operations. The experiment was performed for four voltage levels; 60 VDC, 80 VDC, 100 VDC, and 120 VDC. For each voltage level, four load conditions were tested. Therein, a total of 16 different conditions were tested. Five tests were done for each condition. The average values were taken for analysis. Conclusion: When the switch contacts start to separate, the arc voltage must reach the arc starting voltage to form an arc. Moreover, according to the supply voltage and current, there is always a maximum voltage value that arc can reach, which is less than the supply voltage (arc ending voltage). After the arc was formed in DC systems, the arc voltage variation with time can be modeled using the trigonometry tan function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of DC Switching Electric ARC Characteristics for Low Voltages

Ariyarathne,

Jayatissa,

Silva

2023

JENRR

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“…The Schavemaker equation is a black-box arc model derived from the differential equation developed by Mayr [21]. A previous study has successfully implemented the Schavemaker model in a simplified simulation of the discussed pyro-breaker under the current of 40 kA [22]. This paper proposed a method, which combines the numerical simulation of the explosion process with the Schavemaker arc model, to study the influence of the gap quantity on the commutation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Multiple Arcs in a Pyro-Breaker Based on the Black-Box Arc Model

Wang

2022

Electronics

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The arc behavior during commutation of a pyro-breaker is the main determinant of performance evaluation. The pyro-breaker discussed in this article is an explosive-driven, extremely fast and non-linear Direct Current circuit breaker. It has been developed for the Quench Protection System (QPS) of superconducting fusion facilities, such as the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). The feasibility of the Schavemaker differential equation is verified in a simplified 40 kA commutation simulation. The Commutation Section of the pyro-breaker will form multiple gaps after the operation, which causes multiple arc ignitions during the explosion. The influence of the gap quantity on the commutation performance of the pyro-breaker has not previously been studied. A more accurate simulation, which takes the multiple-arc formation into consideration, is proposed and verified under the current of 60 kA. The simulation model, which takes the numerical analysis of the driving mechanism into consideration, will be the designing basis for the pyro-breaker in further development and implementation.

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“…Therefore, it is essential to investigate the arc ablation and the breakdown properties of these nozzles and to develop better nozzle materials to solve or mitigate the above problems. In recent years, many studies on the arc model and establishing the dynamic properties of gases during the breaking process of the circuit breaker have been carried out [10][11][12][13][14][15], but few works have focused on the investigation of the ablation and breakdown properties of nozzles. Our previous work superficially studied the arc ablation resistance and breakdown properties of nozzle materials by filling BN of different sizes into PTFE [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc Ablation Resistance and Dielectric Strength Properties of PTFE/BN Composites

Zhao¹,

Nie²,

Zhao³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The substantial improvements in transmission voltage, which have been adopted to meet fast-growing energy demands, require more reliable power equipment and higher-quality insulating materials. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nozzle, as the key part of a high-voltage circuit breaker, is often subjected to arc ablation and breakdown phenomena. Thus, it is very urgent to develop nozzles with better performance. In this study, PTFE/boron nitride (BN) composites were prepared. The relationships among the BN filler loading, thermal transition properties, spectral reflectance properties, arc ablation resistance, and AC dielectric breakdown performances, as well as their corresponding mechanisms, were studied. Experimental results show that the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of PTFE/BN composites increased monotonously with BN loading, and that both parameters were improved by 41% and 44%, respectively, for 11 wt % composites compared with pure PTFE. Moreover, PTFE/BN composites had higher light reflectance in the wavelength range from 320 to 2500 nm. The PTFE/BN composites presented better arc ablation resistance performance with increased BN loading, which was improved by 88.5%. It is thought that the increased thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, the strong light reflectance, and surface sediment after arc ablation contribute to the improvement in arc ablation resistance performance. The AC breakdown strength of PTFE/BN composites was enhanced by 30.93%, attributed to the good heat dissipation properties introduced by the BN fillers. Thus, filling BN into the PTFE matrix would be helpful to solve the equipment issue that comes from the improvement in transmission voltage.

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Application of an Improved Mayr-Type Arc Model in Pyro-Breakers Utilized in Superconducting Fusion Facilities

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

A Study of DC Switching Electric ARC Characteristics for Low Voltages

A Study of DC Switching Electric ARC Characteristics for Low Voltages

Numerical Study on Multiple Arcs in a Pyro-Breaker Based on the Black-Box Arc Model

Arc Ablation Resistance and Dielectric Strength Properties of PTFE/BN Composites

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