Application of anatomy and HPTLC in characterizing species of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)

Raman, Vijayasankar; Galal, Ahmed M.; Avula, Bharathi; Sagi, S; Smillie, Troy J.; Khan, Ikhlas A.

doi:10.1007/s11418-014-0849-5

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…During the anatomical study (Raman et al 2014) of various species of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), two unusual types of raphide crystals were observed in the tubers of D. polystachya . A survey of the literature showed that they did not represent any of the four types (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

2014

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Calcium oxalate crystals in higher plants occur in five major forms namely raphides, styloids, prisms, druses and crystal sand. The form, shape and occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in plants are species- and tissue-specific, hence the presence or absence of a particular type of crystal can be used as a taxonomic character. So far, four different types of needle-like raphide crystals have been reported in plants. The present work describes two new and unusual forms of raphide crystals from the tubers of Dioscorea polystachya—six-sided needles with pointed ends (Type V) and four-sided needles with beveled ends (Type VI). Both of these new types of needles are distinct from the other four types by each having a surrounding membrane that envelopes a bundle of 10–20 closely packed thin crystalline sheets. The previously known four types of needles have solid or homogenous crystalline material, surrounded by a membrane or lamellate sheath called a crystal chamber. Only the Type VI crystals have beveled ends and the needles of the other five types have pointed ends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortical cells are devoid of starch whereas the cells of the inner ground tissue are filled with large amounts of starch grains. The tubers of this species are rich in various types of raphide crystals which are concentrated in the cortex region and sparingly distributed in the ground tissue (Raman et al 2014). Type III ( Agave ) crystals (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

2014

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“…Whereas the storage organs of most root and tuber crops originate from the roots (sweet potato and cassava), stem (potato) or corm (taro), yam tubers are derived from the hypocotyl (Lawton and Lawton 1969;Shewry 2003). The tubers of Chinese yam feature a thin brown skin made of cork cells that covers the (Zhao et al 2018) inner white flesh (Raman et al 2014). Small roots on the tuber surface confer a hairy appearance (Coursey 1967a).…”

Section: Tuber Anatomy and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many idioblasts containing calcium oxalate embedded in mucilage are distrusted in the cortex and ground tissue. The starch grains are oval, elliptic or shell-shaped, 10–39 µm long and 7–29 µm wide (Raman et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Botanical and Physiological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An underutilized orphan tuber crop—Chinese yam : a review

Epping¹,

Laibach

2020

Planta

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Main conclusion The diversification of food crops can improve our diets and address the effects of climate change, and in this context the orphan crop Chinese yam shows significant potential as a functional food. Abstract As the effects of climate change become increasingly visible even in temperate regions, there is an urgent need to diversify our crops in order to address hunger and malnutrition. This has led to the re-evaluation of neglected species such as Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.), which has been cultivated for centuries in East Asia as a food crop and as a widely-used ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. The tubers are rich in nutrients, but also contain bioactive metabolites such as resistant starches, steroidal sapogenins (like diosgenin), the storage protein dioscorin, and mucilage polysaccharides. These health-promoting products can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and disorders of the gut microbiome. Whereas most edible yams are tropical species, Chinese yam could be cultivated widely in Europe and other temperate regions to take advantage of its nutritional and bioactive properties. However, this is a laborious process and agronomic knowledge is fragmented. The underground tubers contain most of the starch, but are vulnerable to breaking and thus difficult to harvest. Breeding to improve tuber shape is complex given the dioecious nature of the species, the mostly vegetative reproduction via bulbils, and the presence of more than 100 chromosomes. Protocols have yet to be established for in vitro cultivation and genetic transformation, which limits the scope of research. This article summarizes the sparse research landscape and evaluates the nutritional and medical applications of Chinese yam. By highlighting the potential of Chinese yam tubers, we aim to encourage the adoption of this orphan crop as a novel functional food.

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“…This genus is economically important for their tubers, which provide starch as a dietary staple as well as cortisone and other steroid hormones, such as dioscin (Aumsuwan et al, ; Cho et al, ; Jeon et al, ). However, Dioscorea species are hard to identify due to high morphological diversity, dioecy, small flowers, and morphological similarities between various species in this genus (Raman et al, ; Wilkin et al, ). Distinguishing Dioscorea species based on morphological traits is unreliable, while using DNA barcodes ( mat K, rbc L, psb A‐ trn H, trn L‐F) for Dioscorea species, identification has previously showed relatively low discrimination success, with the highest rate of 23.26% derived from use of the mat K sequences (Gao et al, ; Mukherjee & Bhat, ; Sun et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high‐resolution DNA barcodes for Dioscorea species discrimination and phylogenetic analysis

Xia

Zhang

Xing

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The genus Dioscorea is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and is economically important in terms of food supply and pharmaceutical applications. However, DNA barcodes are relatively unsuccessful in discriminating between Dioscorea species, with the highest discrimination rate (23.26%) derived from matK sequences. In this study, we compared genic and intergenic regions of three Dioscorea chloroplast genomes and found that the density of SNPs and indels in intergenic sites was about twice and seven times higher than that of SNPs and indels in the genic regions, respectively. A total of 52 primer pairs covering highly variable regions were designed and seven pairs of primers had 80%–100% PCR success rate. PCR amplicons of 73 Dioscorea individuals and assembled sequences of 47 Dioscorea SRAs were used for estimating intraspecific and interspecific divergence for the seven loci: The rpoB‐trnC locus had the highest interspecific divergence. Automatic barcoding gap discovery (ABGD), Poisson tree processes (PTP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescence (GMYC) analysis were applied for species delimitation based on the seven loci and successfully identified the majority of species, except for species in the Enantiophyllum section. Phylogenetic analysis of 51 Dioscorea individuals (28 species) showed that most individuals belonging to the same species tended to cluster in the same group. Our results suggest that the variable loci derived from comparative analysis of plastid genome sequences could be good DNA barcode candidates for taxonomic analysis and species delimitation.

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Application of anatomy and HPTLC in characterizing species of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

An underutilized orphan tuber crop—Chinese yam : a review

Development of high‐resolution DNA barcodes for Dioscorea species discrimination and phylogenetic analysis

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