Application of antioxidants and centrifugation for cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa

In vitro developmental ability of ovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection with freeze-dried spermatozoa

“…It was already suggested that protection of sperm DNA is one of the most important factors for the correct development of oocytes after fertilization; although spermatozoa with fragmented DNA are able to fertilize oocytes, the rate and quality of pregnancy rates decreased significantly 32, 33 . Several studies 16–19, 34 have shown the beneficial effect of antioxidant therapy on the oxidative stress of mammalian spermatozoa. The addition of antioxidants has important benefits on the quality and fertility of ram semen after liquid storage at different temperatures 35 .…”

Laser irradiation effects and its possible mechanisms of action on spermatozoa functions in domestic animals

“…ROS are responsible for mediating the effects of light [13]. ROS are known as double edged swords in animal reproduction as higher levels of ROS can lead to sperm death due to depletion of ATP and lipid peroxidation leading to oxidative stress [55] and moderate ROS levels regulate various physiological functions of sperm such as hyperactivation, capacitation, acrosomal reaction and zona binding [54,55]. Studies have shown elevated intracellular Ca 2+ levels and its transport occurs in irradiated mouse [56] and bull spermatozoa [12,57].…”

Cryoprotectants & Cryopreservation of Equine Semen: A Review of Industry Cryoprotectants and the Effects of Cryopreservation on Equine Semen Membranes

“…Therefore if lipids are to be added as a cryoprotective agent to produce a more saturated CPO for semen preservation, there are a few other issues which must address. Numerous studies have shown that ROS play a significant role in male infertility [33]. Further, cold shock damage has been directly linked to lipid phase transitions that cause the sperm membrane to become leaky, thereby compromising membrane 4/8 integrity [32].…”

“…However, ROS been shown a double-edged sword. While their detrimental effects are well documented, at low levels they are involved in the normal physiological functions of sperm including capacitation, acrosome reaction, and binding to the zona pellucida at physiological concentrations [33][34][35].…”