Application of Artificial Intelligence to In Vitro Tumor Modeling and Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment

Abstract

In vitro tumor models have played vital roles in enhancing the understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of tumors, as well as their biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Advances in technology have enabled the evolution of tumor models from two-dimensional cell cultures to three-dimensional printed tumor models with increased levels of complexity and diverse output parameters. With the increase in complexity, the new generation of models is able to replicate the architecture and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment more realistically than their predecessors. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used extensively in healthcare and research, and AI-based tools have also been applied to the precise development of tumor models. The incorporation of AI facilitates the use of high-throughput systems for real-time monitoring of tumorigenesis and biophysical tumor properties, raising the possibility of using AI alongside tumor modeling for personalized medicine. Here, the integration of AI tools within tumor modeling is reviewed, including microfluidic devices and cancer-on-chip models.

Modeling of brain tumors using in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic models: A review of the current developments

“…These challenges primarily revolve around the necessity to simplify the intricacies inherent in vivo systems, the unavoidable absence of certain physiological elements that are present in vivo , and the imperative requirement for meticulous validation procedures to ascertain the relevance and applicability of in vitro findings to the in vivo environment [ 86 ]. It is imperative to acknowledge that these models make a significant contribution by providing invaluable insights into the dynamics of brain tumors and their corresponding therapeutic responses within a meticulously controlled and reproducible experimental framework [ 87 ].…”

3D Printing for Cancer Diagnosis: What Unique Advantages Are Gained?

“…137 Surgeons can also use these models to plan complex surgeries, improving the accuracy of tumor removal. 138 Cell-culture models have evolved from simple 2D to complex 3D bioprinted models. Commonly used 2D cancer models include monolayer culture, monolayer coculture, cells grown on floating membranes, and cell monolayer sandwiched between membranes, often used for research and drug screening.…”

“…These models can be used to simulate and study cancer growth, enabling researchers to better understand tumor characteristics and develop more precise diagnostic methods . Surgeons can also use these models to plan complex surgeries, improving the accuracy of tumor removal …”

“… 137 Surgeons can also use these models to plan complex surgeries, improving the accuracy of tumor removal. 138 …”

In vitro laboratory infection research in orthopaedics: Why, when, and how

“…For example, AI may aid in evaluating massive volumes of information from in vitro studies, such as gene expression data, protein profiles, and biomechanical data, to detect trends and make predictions. Another example would be application of AI to tumor models to monitor tumorigenesis progression in addition to real-time modelling[ 15 ]. Furthermore, AI could also aid in controlling the quality of organoids in the field of organogenesis and bioprinting technology[ 16 ].…”