Application of Benchmarking and Principal Component Analysis in Measuring Performance of Public Irrigation Schemes in Kenya

Muema, Faith M.; Home, Patrick G.; Raude, James M.

doi:10.3390/agriculture8100162

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Benchmarking of WUAs has been carried out in Italy [4], Spain [2,3,19,20], Tunisia [1], and Turkey [21][22][23][24]. However, these applications have been mainly carried out on individual WUAs or at a local scale (e.g., [8,20,21,25,26]). Conversely, the application of benchmarking techniques at a regional scale may be important for both WUA managers and authorities regulating the collective irrigation sector, in order to identify crucial problems and plan common strategic policies to enhance the service efficiency and increase the economic self-sufficiency of the WUAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several benchmarking techniques have been proposed to process and analyze the performance indicators, depending on the specific aim of the planned analysis (e.g., quality index in Spain [20]; Principal Component Analysis in Italy [4], Spain [2], and in Kenya [26]; Cluster Analysis in Spain [3]; Data Envelopment Analysis in Tunisia [1], Spain [19] and, in Italy [9]). These diagnostic techniques are generally robust and meaningful, but sometimes they require some constraints in the input data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing the Performances of Water User Associations to Increase the Irrigation Sustainability: An Application of Multivariate Statistics to a Case Study in Italy

et al. 2020

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Benchmarking techniques are useful and simple tools to analyze the performance of the collective irrigation in the Water User Associations (WUAs) towards an increase in service sustainability. Several benchmarking techniques have been proposed to process and predict performance indicators. Instead, some meaningful statistical techniques based on the distance of data samples, which overcome the limitations of the traditional benchmarking techniques, have never been applied to the collective irrigation sector. This study applies Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA), Multidimensional Scale Models (MDS), and Distance-Based Linear Models (DISTLM) as benchmarking techniques to evaluate the technical and financial performances of 10 WUAs in Calabria (Southern Italy). These benchmarking techniques revealed that the significant differences in the irrigated areas and financial self-sufficiency of the WUAs, shown by PERMANOVA, depend on the large variability of the remaining performance indicators. Both the MDS and DISTLM demonstrated that a higher number of associated users and larger irrigation service coverage allows an increase in the irrigated areas; this enlargement is facilitated if the water price and the size of the personnel staff decrease. The WUAs’ self-sufficiency is mainly influenced by the number of workers and the maintenance, organization, and management costs, while the impacts of the due service fees and water price are more limited; it is also convenient to increase the number of the associated farmers since this increases the economy of scale and the gross revenues of the irrigation service. Overall, from the analysis carried out for the regional case study, these benchmarking techniques seem to be powerful and easy tools to identify the problems of the irrigation service and help in planning the most suitable policies to improve the sustainability of the collective irrigation at the regional scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Performances of Water User Associations to Increase the Irrigation Sustainability: An Application of Multivariate Statistics to a Case Study in Italy

et al. 2020

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“…To solve problems in water resources management, such as the ones facing the CIS, earlier identification of limitations will give higher possibilities of successful application of efficient and effective measures [6]. The hydraulic and operational performances of CIS are adversely affected by sediments deposition in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Flow and Sedimentation Processes in Irrigation Schemes for Decision-Support Tool Development: A Case Review for the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme, Mozambique

et al. 2019

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Water flow and sedimentation processes have been significantly erratic at the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (CIS) and have affected its hydraulic performance. Given its expansion there is need to understand these processes taking place on-site and along the channels of the scheme. CIS being the biggest project of its kind in Mozambique requires proper management of water flow and sedimentation processes. Therefore, the effect of water flow, sediment transport and deposition parameters on the performance of the CIS is needed. In order to determine the effect of spatial and temporal water flow and sediment distribution trends along the irrigation canals, there is need to establish a correlation between these parameters. Determining the influence of water flow velocity on sediment settling rate at different depths along the canal reaches is important in managing the CIS. In addition, a developed decision-support tool to predict sediment deposition is required. For this reason, it is therefore crucial to carry out a timely assessment of water flow and sedimentation processes in CIS in a review concept. From the current review, some gaps that exist for more focused research on Chókwè Irrigation Scheme have been identified. In this regard therefore, there is need to develop an effective support tool for managing water flow and sediment deposition along the canal reaches with a view to increasing crop production in CIS.

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“…Therefore optimum drainage management mitigates the contamination and adversely effects on animal and aquatic life ecosystems [14]. Nowadays, due to the degradation of water resources and limitation, there is not much opportunity for increasing the total irrigated region; the common of the increase in output from irrigated agriculture will have to emanate from investments in developed irrigation and drainage practices in current agricultural areas [15] [16] [17]. Drainage is not only a tool to battle soil salinity and waterlogging but also it plays a main role in the preservation of investments in irrigation, promoting economic growth, and ensuring the sustainability of irrigated agriculture [18] [19] [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage Management Problems Evaluation: Case Study Baloza and EL-Farama Drains, North Sinai, Egypt

Gabr¹

2019

JWARP

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Drainage management activities aim at maintaining the performance of drainage networks by assessing the major drainage management problems regarding sedimentation, bank erosion, vegetation, water quality, and biodiversity, to find appropriate solutions for channel improvement in order to increase agricultural productivity and maintain agricultural land and the surrounding environment. In this research, we evaluate the drainage management problems to the surface drains Baloza and EL-Farama in the cultivated Tina Plain region (21,000 hectares) North Sinai, Egypt to provide an accurate data to help decision-makers to know the status of maintenance of the watercourses and the need for improvement. For this, Intensive field investigations were carried out regarding a hydrographic survey of the actual drains cross-section using total station and aqua sounder devices, visual stream bank erosion survey, and vegetation survey. In addition, monthly water samples from the drainage water were treated and analyzed for physical and chemical, bacteriological related indices. The results showed, the studied drains suffer from sedimentation, vegetation infection, and bank erosion in some reaches and need remedy. Estimated sedimentation in EL-Farama Drain was 34369 m 3 /year and in Baloza Drain 29153 m 3 /year; bank slope failures upstream and downstream pump stations were recorded; the average weed infection ratio for both drains was 30%. The results of water quality parameters showed acceptable concentrations for BOD, DO, NO 3 , and total coliform according to Egypt decree, 92/2013 for the protection of the Nile River and its waterways from pollution, except TDS (more than 10,000 mg/L). The drainage water was classified as high saline and it was unacceptable for irrigation. Therefore, the author recommends to remove sedimentation and vegetation every 2 years by mechanical methods, applying gabions lining to prevent bank erosion, and treating drainage water using wetland system and utilizing the treated wastewater in fish farming.

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Application of Benchmarking and Principal Component Analysis in Measuring Performance of Public Irrigation Schemes in Kenya

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Analyzing the Performances of Water User Associations to Increase the Irrigation Sustainability: An Application of Multivariate Statistics to a Case Study in Italy

Analyzing the Performances of Water User Associations to Increase the Irrigation Sustainability: An Application of Multivariate Statistics to a Case Study in Italy

Assessment of Water Flow and Sedimentation Processes in Irrigation Schemes for Decision-Support Tool Development: A Case Review for the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme, Mozambique

Drainage Management Problems Evaluation: Case Study Baloza and EL-Farama Drains, North Sinai, Egypt

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