Application of Bethesda System for Cervical Cytology in Unhealthy Cervix

Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital

“…Other studies revealed 5,4%, 1.6%, 7.1% and 8.8% cases of bacterial vaginosis respectively. 14,16,17,22 Trichomonas vaginalis was seen in 1.5% cases in contrast to other studies where there were 3.2%, 0.7% and 0.6% cases. 17,19,20 Reactive cellular changes (1.5%) seen in our study was associated with inflammation.…”

“…16,17 Epithelial cell abnormalities represented 0.5% cases in our study which includes LSIL, HSIL and ASCUS. Studies had shown that the prevalence of epithelial abnormalities were different in different places (1.7%, 1.8%, 10.3%, 5.6%, 1.8%, 2.0%, 1.2% and 13.6%) 5,14,[17][18][19][20][21][22] In a study done in the same hospital in 2010, epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 1.1% cases. 23 Since then there is decrease in epithelial cell abnormalities which could be due to inclusion of pap smear as a routine screening procedure for cervical cancer.…”

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: How frequent it is Among the Women Presenting with Low Back Pain

“…[19] • Number of patients with the inflammatory cells in their Pap smear report was 154 (51.33%) in the present study. Verma et al study [20] have found 10.7% of SIL (squamous intraepithelial lesions) in the women complaining of vaginal discharge and pain in the lower abdomen. Mishra et al study showed alarmingly high incidence of 28.6% of SIL, though majority of them were of low grade among the women diagnosed with PID.…”

Issues of the Evaluation of Endocervical Cells of the Uterine Cervix on Cytological Smears

“…An important step towards the evaluation of the findings of epithelium abnormalities was in 2001 the Bethesda system which supported the communication between gynecologists and cytopathologists [14,15]. They defined changes in glandular cells with a focus on their atypical shape and a definition of suspect neoplastic changes with transitions to adenocarcinoma in more details.…”