Application of Bioelectrical Vector Analysis in Professional Soccer Players - BIVA in Sport

Mascherini, Gabriele; Cattozzo, Andrea; Petri, Cristian; Francini, Lorenzo; Galanti, Giorgio

doi:10.5220/0004995500840088

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The bioelectric phase angle (PhA) was calculated as the arctangent of Xc/R × 180/π. BIVA was carried out using the classic methods, e.g., normalizing R (ohm) and Xc (ohm) for height in meters [ 6 , 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a method widely used to evaluate body composition and cellular health in athletes, as well as in the general population [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. This method considers the raw bioelectrical parameters (resistance and reactance) standardized for the height of the subjects as a vector within a graph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Bongiovanni

Mascherini

Genovesi

et al. 2020

JFMK

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Purpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric properties at the start of the season in male elite soccer players. Methods: The study included 131 male soccer players (age: 25.1 ± 4.7 yr, height: 183.4 ± 6.1 cm, weight: 79.3 ± 6.6) registered in the first Italian soccer division (Serie A). Bioimpedance analysis was performed just before the start of the competitive season and BIVA was applied. In order to verify the need for period-specific references, bioelectrical values measured at the start of the season were compared to the reference values for the male elite soccer player population. Results: The results of the two-sample Hotelling T2 tests showed that in the bivariate interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)) the bioelectric properties significantly (T2 = 15.3, F = 7.6, p ≤ 0.001, Mahalanobis D = 0.45) differ between the two phases of the competition analyzed. In particular, the mean impedance vector is more displaced to the left into the R-Xc graph at the beginning of the season than in the first half of the championship. Conclusions: For an accurate evaluation of body composition and cellular health, the tolerance ellipses displayed by BIVA approach into the R-Xc graph must be period-specific. This study provides new specific tolerance ellipses (R/H: 246 ± 32.1, Xc/H: 34.3 ± 5.1, r: 0.7) for performing BIVA at the beginning of the competitive season in male elite soccer players.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Bongiovanni

Mascherini

Genovesi

et al. 2020

JFMK

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“…Body water loss in human subjects results in fluid losses from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments [9]. Changes in hydration status and free fat mass occur during a regular soccer season, mainly after the pre-season period [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated total body composition and localized fat-free mass assessment

2015

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The study of body composition can be used to verify one's state of fitness and the effectiveness of a training program. The aim of the study is to present the integration of this method for total and segmental assessment of body composition. 59 elite soccer players (aged 22.47 ± 5.58 years, height 1.81 ± 0.08 m) were enrolled for the study. Before the season and after 50 days of training, a body composition assessment was carried out. For the measurement of fat mass, folds of skin in 8 different regions were used. To evaluate cell mass and hydration status, bioimpedance with both whole-body and vector methods was used. The localized evaluation was performed by assessing bioelectrical values of the quadriceps, hamstrings and calf. Data before and after 50 days of soccer training were compared (t test for paired data). The values of body composition were within the normal range for the sample. After 50 days of training, there was a significant increase in BMI mainly dependent on extracellular water. The fat did not undergo quantitative changes but only a change in distribution occurs. Lower limb muscles showed an increase in the amount of water more significant than the total body assessment. An integration of fat and fat-free mass in athletes allows us to determine different adaptations to training methods. The assessment of body segments under more stress by physical training provides more specific information than the total body assessment in athletes. This method could evaluate a peripheral status of hydration and cellular mass.

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Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in sport: a systematic review

Vincenzo

Marra

Scalfi

2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundPhase angle (PhA) is a raw BIA variable that has been gaining attention in recent years because it is supposed to be an index of the ratio between extracellular and intracellular water, body cell mass, and cellular integrity.The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the variability of PhA between different sports and its relationships with sport performance. Additionally, we investigated whether PhA depends on gender or age, and analyzed the differences between athletes and controls.MethodsA systematic research using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to June 2019 was performed. Selection criteria included studies on subjects who practice sports in planned and continuous modality at competitive or elite level.ResultsThirty-five papers met the inclusion criteria (twenty-one cross-sectional data, fourteen longitudinal data). A few but convincing studies have shown that mean PhA is higher in athletes vs. controls. PhA increases with age and is likely to be higher in male than female athletes. A large variability in PhA is observed for the same sport, while it is still uncertain to what extent PhA differs between various sports. There are no clear relationships of PhA with sport performance or training/untraining.ConclusionIt is still to be defined to what extent PhA varies between different sports and changes with training/untraining. It can be argued that for a given sport much more data should be collected in a systematic way and for a period of time appropriate in order to determine changes and trends. This is even more crucial in the case of intervention studies.

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Application of Bioelectrical Vector Analysis in Professional Soccer Players - BIVA in Sport

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Integrated total body composition and localized fat-free mass assessment

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in sport: a systematic review

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