Application of biomaterials in periodontal tissue repair and reconstruction in the presence of inflammation under periodontitis through the foreign body response: Recent progress and perspectives

Abstract

Periodontitis would cause dental tissue damage locally. Biomaterials substantially affect the surrounding immune microenvironment through treatment-oriented local inflammatory remodeling in dental periodontitis. This remodeling process is conducive to wound healing and periodontal tissue regeneration. Recent progress in understanding the foreign body response (FBR) and immune regulation, including cell heterogeneity, and cell-cell and cell-material interactions, has provided new insights into the design criteria for biomaterials applied in treatment of periodontitis. This review discusses recent progress and perspectives in the immune regulation effects of biomaterials to augment or reconstruct soft and hard tissue in an inflammatory microenvironment of periodontitis.

Zn/Sr dual ions-collagen co-assembly hydroxyapatite enhances bone regeneration through procedural osteo-immunomodulation and osteogenesis

“…According to the latest research progress, bone regeneration is closely related to immune microenvironment around implant biomaterials [ 58 , 59 ]. The SD rat subcutaneous implantation model was used to evaluate the immune microenvironment around the implant scaffolds ( Fig.…”

Strontium Functionalized in Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Prominent Role in Osteoimmunomodulation

“…According to the latest research reports, the immune response triggered during bone tissue regeneration shows that bone regeneration is closely related to the immune microenvironment surrounding the implanted biomaterials ( Clézardin et al, 2021 ; Qiao et al, 2021 ; Chu et al, 2022 ). Advances in BTE have derived a consensus that the physicochemical characteristics of biomaterials can alter the microenvironment at the implantation site by affecting the inflammatory response ( Li et al, 2017 ).…”

Application of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Modified 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxy-succinimide (EDC/NHS) Cross-Linked Collagen Membrane to Promote Macrophage Adhesion

“…The transformation of macrophages M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory) and M2 phenotype (pro-repair) in an immune microenvironment has become an important target for promoting regeneration and repair, which can regulate the immune microenvironment to a certain extent, and promote the transformation of tissues in the direction of repair and regeneration. Among the cross-linking components of collagen membranes used in regeneration, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS), are covalently bonded, which has good biocompatibility and non-toxicity, with mechanical properties improved, structure maintained in vivo, and cell proliferation benefited [4][5][6][7]. However, introduction to the membrane elicits the material-dependent inflammatory response called foreign body response (FBR), a significant balanced reaction affecting regeneration outcome [5,6].…”

“…Among the cross-linking components of collagen membranes used in regeneration, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS), are covalently bonded, which has good biocompatibility and non-toxicity, with mechanical properties improved, structure maintained in vivo, and cell proliferation benefited [4][5][6][7]. However, introduction to the membrane elicits the material-dependent inflammatory response called foreign body response (FBR), a significant balanced reaction affecting regeneration outcome [5,6]. As a foreign biological material implanted, the barrier membrane would inevitably trigger the host membrane immune response after implantation, which requires the activation of phagocytes and the Th2 cells releasing IL-3 and introducing the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), leading to the degradation of collagen membranes and enhancement of phagocytic capability [7].…”

“…Especially in periodontitis, a chronic and degenerative inflammatory disease which affects approximately 10% of the world's population, bacteriophages may be more involved in periodontal disease than previously thought, because they are known to have significant changes in the bacterial composition of moderate to severe periodontitis [8,9]. The inflammatory microenvironment makes it harder to conduct tissue engineering with biomaterials, thus elevates the importance of immune modulation to rebuild balance [5]. Macrophages, the dominant cells in FBR, whose transformation from pro-inflammatory towards pro-regenerative phenotype are vital in regeneration and wound healing after materials implantation [10].…”